Vocab
All of the genes in a population
Gene Pool
What kind of adaptation is this: Having webbed feet
Structural
How do we know the relative age order of rock layers?
Youngest is at the top, it gets older as you go down
What is the pattern that shows two species evolving in response to one another (together)?
Coevolution
If only the two extreme traits in a population survive, what type of selection is this?
Disruptive
What is the vocab word for a structural adaptation where one organism looks like another?
Mimicry
What kind of adaptation is this: bacteria being resistant to antibiotics
Functional
What is it called when only half of the remaining isotopes are still present in a fossil?
Half-life
The gray wolf is the common ancestor for modern day dogs. What pattern of evolution is this?
Divergent evolution
If there is a flood that kills almost all of the beaver population with only a few surviving, this is an example of.....
The bottleneck effect
Explain the difference between gradualism & punctauted equilibrium
Gradualism - Slow & Steady
Punctuated Equilibrium - Short, rapid evolution followed by equilibrium
The bones of a human, cat, whale, and bat have similar structure but different functions, what is this called?
Homologous Structures
How much of a radioactive isotope is left after 3 half-lives?
12.5% or 1/8
What is it called when a new species is formed?
Speciation
When a few individuals leave a population and move to a new place, this is called ....?
The founder effect
What is it called when one species rapidly evolves into many new species?
Adaptive Radiation
An insect and a bird both have wings, but the structure is different. What is this called?
Analogous Structures
If you know the half-life of an isotope and have the amount of radioactive atoms remaining, what kind of dating is this?
Absolute dating
Explain the patterns of evolution that deal with homologous and analogous structures
Homologous - Divergent
Analogous - Convergent
What are the 5 things needed to maintain genetic equilibrium?
Large population, no natural selection, no mutations, no migration, random mating
Explain the main idea of natural selection - survival of the fittest
Organisms that are better adapted to their environment will survive & produce more offspring.
If two species have homologous structures, what does that tell us?
They share a common ancestor
An isotope has a half-life of 200 years. You find a fossil with 25% of the isotope remaining, how old is it roughly?
Around 800 years old
What pattern of evolution can be seen in sharks & dolphins, what is the evidence that shows this?
Convergent evolution, the both evolved to have similar structures but are completely unrelated
Explain/give examples for the two types of isolation.
Reproductive - Stops breeding between species (different mating times, different genetic material, etc.)
Geographic - A physical barrier divides a population (mountain, river, deforestation, etc.)