Intro
Antibiotic Resistance
Microevolution
Macroevolution
Evidence of Evolution
Reproductive Isolation
Mixed Review
Cladograms & Phylogenetic Trees
100
What is fitness?
ability to survive and reproduce
100
Which of the following organisms can be killed by antibiotics?
A. Viruses
B. Fungi
C. Protists
D. Bacteria
D. Bacteria
100
What is the term used to describe evolution that happens on a large scale. It usually refers to creating new species or destroying a species.
macroevolution
100
A group of organisms that are closely related and can made to produce fertile offspring
species
100
Alleles are different forms of what?
AA, Aa, aa
the same gene
100
What derived characteristic separates the turtle and the salamander?
Amniotic Egg
200
Why are advantageous traits more likely to be passed onto offspring?
Because the organisms that have them are more likely to survive and reproduce.
200
A natural process resulting in the evolution of organisms best adapted to the environment.
natural selection
200
Which microevolution term describes a change in frequency of alleles in the population due to random chance? Example: This guy just stepped on all the green bugs, leaving only brown. The frequency of the green allele will decrease. 
Genetic Drift
200
What type of evolutionary evidence is classified as having different structural makeup but the same function.
Analogous Structure
200
Separation of species of populations so that they cannot interbreed and produce fertile offspring
reproductive isolation
Examples:
temporal, behavioral, mechanical, habitat
200
The nodes on this diagram represent a common ancestor. On the diagram, which of the following represents a node- letters or numbers?
numbers
200
What organisms on the diagram have lungs?
Salamander, Lizard, Pigeon, Mouse, Chimpanzee
300
Do individuals or populations "decide" to evolve and change?
No, they change over time due to natural selection
300
The emergence of more antibiotic resistant bacteria is an example of which pattern of natural selection?
directional
300
The northern elephant seal was almost hunted into extinction in the 1800s because of the desire for blubber. This caused a drastic reduction in the population size and a severe loss of genetic diversity.
What type of microevolution is this an example of?
Bottleneck Effect
An extreme example of genetic drift; occurs when a population declines to a very low number (usually because of a natural disaster) and then increases.
300
Hummingbirds with long beaks are adapted to feed on the nectar of flowers with long tubes, and these flowers are adapted to attract hummingbirds with their bright colors and shape.
What type of microevolution does this describe?
COEVOLUTION
When two species evolve together in response to changes in each other over time.
300
This diagram shows the evidence for evolution that has the same internal structure, but different function. It may also suggest a common ancestor
Homologous structure
300
A group of individuals of the same species that live in the same area
population
300
True/False: one factor that can contribute to natural selection is intentional adaptation by individuals?
False: I can't decide I want to change my eye color to purple. Those changes in variation happen from mutations, not an individual's intention.
300
Which group of animals on this tree are most closely related to birds?
Saurischian dinosaurs
400
What is the cause of genetic variation in a population?
Mutations & sexual reproduction
400
The Amish population in Pennsylvania was founded by a small group of German immigrants in the 1700s. Due to the small number of people who moved over, the Amish population has a much higher rate of Ellis-van Creveld syndrome (a rare genetic disorder) than the general population.
What type of microevolution is this an example of?
Founder Effect
An extreme example of genetic drift; occurs when a small sample of a population settles in a location separated from the rest of the population.
400
The dolphin and the shark look similar in shape and form due to adapting their ocean environment. They do not share a common ancestor. What type of macroevolution does this repreesent?
convergent evolution
400
Comparing DNA sequences & protein structures of different species to determine how closely related they are to one another is known as:
A. Fossil Evidence
B. Molecular Evidence
C. Morphological Evidence
D. Embryology
B. Molecular Evidence
AKA Biochemical analysis
400
Look at the image below: How will natural selection affect the allele frequency for dark fur in mice?
It will increase the frequency of the allele for dark fur because it enhances survival and reproduction. More white mice will die and be unable to reproduce. The mice with darker fur are more likely to survive and will pass on the survival trait to future generations.
400
Which animal shares its most recent common ancestor with the raccoon?
Which organism is most rela
Lesser panda
500
What is genetic variation? Why is it important for natural selection?
Natural Selection requires traits that
-have variation
-are heritable
-are advantageous
Variation is important because it gives a range of traits that can be selected for or against
500
Why is important to finish your antibiotics even if you start to feel better?
you have to give the antibiotics time to kill off the stronger bacteria that will reproduce, causing you to get sick again. The initial days of an antibiotic's treatment kill off weaker bacteria, but stronger bacteria may still be alive. Without a full round of antibiotics, the stronger bacteria multiply and then spread where the cycle continues again with the next exposed person.
500
The modern elephant ant the wooly mammoth have a common ancestor, but they look very different because they adapted to different environments. What type of macroevolution does this represent?
divergent evolution
or adaptive radiation
500
Analyze the top row of embryos. Many of these organisms have very similar features like gill slits and tails. Why might these embryos share common characteristics?
The similarities in the embryos in different organisms show there was once a common ancestor
500
What is the CLOSEST LIVING relative to primates?
rodents
500
Which organism (A, B, or E) shares the most recent common ancestor with the organisms C & D?
Identify the number for the node where the three share a common ancestor.
Species E
Node 2
600
Give an example of an adaptation that improved an organisms ability to survive and reproduce in a particular environment.
Selective pressure is a force in an environment that influences the survival and reproduction of organisms, causing certain traits (phenotypes) to become more or less common over time through natural selection. Selective pressures include predation, competition for resources like food and mates, diseases, and environmental factors such as climate and temperature changes. These pressures favor certain traits that increase an organism's ability to survive and reproduce, driving evolutionary change.
600
Factors that contribute to natural selection are
variation
environmental pressures that made certain traits more advantageous
ability to reproduce and pass on traits
some stability to allow for reproduction
Explain how this relates to the growth of antibiotic resistant bacteria?
you have to give the antibiotics time to kill off the stronger bacteria that will reproduce, causing you to get sick again. The initial days of an antibiotic's treatment kill off weaker bacteria, but stronger bacteria may still be alive. Without a full round of antibiotics, the stronger bacteria multiply and then spread where the cycle continues again with the next exposed person.
600
According to the amino acid sequences pictured here, which organism is most similar to humans in their DNA sequence for hemoglobin?
Chimpanzee
600
Where should "hair" be added on the cladogram?
A
because all other organisms after the turtle have hair, but not the turtle
600
Which species is the oldest? How do you know?
The Dog