Evolution 1
What is a variation?
Characteristics between a species that vary
What is heritability?
What is overproduction?
When more organisms are produced than can possibly survive
What is differential reproduction
When some organisms survive and reproduce more than others due to their variations
What is an adaptation?
An inherited trait that increases and organism's chance of surviving and reproducing in it's environment.
What is an adaptation that involves the way and organism acts or behaves?
Behavioral adaptation
What adaptation involves the color, shape, or other physical characteristic of an organism?
Structural adaptation
What is it called when an adaptation helps one species resemble another?
Mimicry
What is it called when an adaptation helps an organism to blend in with its environment?
Camouflage
Who came up with a theory for evolution that was best supported by evidence?
Charles Darwin
What has to happen for an adaptation to show up in an individual?
A rare, random mutation
What has to happen in order for an adaptation to show up in a population?
If the forelimbs of multiple organisms such as humans, whales, birds, and dogs have similar structures, what can this indicate?
These organisms have a common ancestor
What did Charles Darwin notice about the finches and tortoises on the islands where he did his research?
They had different sized beaks and necks that correlated with the food source available
What did Darwin determine to be the limiting resource for the finches and tortoises?
Food
What is an example of something that can cause genetic drift?
Natural disaster, some individuals randomly reproduce one allele more than another, some individuals randomly get sick
What is it called when random factors or events influence the frequency of a trait in subsequent generations of a population?
Genetic drift
What is the movement of genes into or out of a population that leads to changes in the allele frequency?
Gene flow
What are two ways that gene flow can occur?
Immigration and emigration
Gene flow can only occur if...?
The migrants reproduce
What do organisms have to do in order for natural selection to occur?
Reproduce and pass on their traits
What are the four conditions required for natural selection to occur?
Overproduction, variation, heritability, and differential reproduction
What was Charles Darwin? (hint: what did he study)
A naturalist, he studies plants and animals by observing them
What is the difference between artificial selection and natural selection?
In natural selection, natures causes the changes in the species, and in artificial selection, humans cause the changes in the species
What is the difference between gene flow and genetic drift?
Genetic drift involves random events that influence the frequency of alleles in following generations and gene flow is the movement of genes into or out of a population that leads to changes in allele frequency