Natural Selection
Evidence of Evolution
Mechanisms of Evolution
Hardy-Weinberg
Patterns & Rates of Evolution
100
Who said organisms are born with variations within the population and those with traits best suited for the environment will survive and reproducte?
Charles Darwin
100
What are traces of organisms that existed in the past?
Fossils
100
What describes the migration of genes into or out of a population?
Gene Flow
100
What genotype does 2pq represent?
heterozygous
100
brief periods of rapid change where new species appear quickly
punctuated equilibrium
200
What is the selective agent in natural selection?
Environmental Pressures
200
The study of where organisms live now and where their ancestors lived is an example of:
biogeography
200
A small group of birds survived a hurricane but got stranded on an island and becomes the only breeding population. What type of mechanism is this?
Genetic Drift (Bottleneck Effect)
200
What are the two Hardy-Weinberg equations?
p + q = 1
p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1
200
The hummingbird beak and the flower are an example of
coevolution
300
What is the ultimate source of variation within a population?
Mutation
300
Common structure, different function
homologous structure
300
What is it called when individuals choose mates based on preferred traits?
Sexual Selection (Non-random mating)
300
In a population, the frequency of the homozygous recessive genotype is 15%. What is the dominant allele frequency?
p = 0.61
300
A kit fox lives in the desert and has large ears with greater surface area that keep the fox from getting overheated. The red fox lives in the forest and has a red coat that keeps it camouflaged. What type of evolution?
divergent evolution
400
*DAILY DOUBLE*
1. What type of natural selection graph favors both extremes?
2. Draw the example of this type of selection graph
400
The structure that is not evidence of evolution because it only describes a similar function, not structure.
analogous structure
400
Over time, watermelons have evolved from the small berries seen in the image to the large ones we buy at the store today. This is a result of humans breeding the watermelon plants that produced the largest berries together year after year. What mechanism of evolution is this an example of?
Artificial Selection (Selective Breeding)
400
Polydactyl is a dominant disorder for having extra digits. 16% of the population has the normal number of digits. What is the homozygous dominant genotype frequency?
p2 = .36
400
The Galapagos finches are an example of this as they had a common ancestor and divided into multiple species. One name for this is adaptive radiation. What is another name for this?
Divergent Evolution
500
There are light moths and dark moths in a population of a forest. Only the darker moths are able to avoid predators and survive.
1. Identify this type of selection
2. Draw a graph to represent the type of selection that will occur (indicate the original & new population)
directional graph favoring dark moths over light
500
What is the major difference between artificial selection and natural selection?
artificial selection = humans are the selecting agent and decide what breeds
natural selection = nature is the selecting agent, survival of the fittest
500
How is natural selection different from genetic drift?
Natural selection is driven by the environment and favors advantageous traits, while genetic drift is random and can lead to allele frequency changes by chance.
500
Colorblindness is a recessive trait affecting 8% (this is q2) of the population. Find the heterozygous genotype frequency and the dominant allele frequency.
2pq = 0.4
p = 0.72
500
What are the two names for a type of isolation that occurs when populations on two separate islands no longer share a common gene pool?
geographic isolation
allopatric speciation