Intro
Modern scientists define _______ as a heritable change in the characteristics within a population from one generation to the next.
Evolution
The group of islands that Darwin visited where he made some of his most important observations about evolution
The Galapagos Islands
the study of the prenatal development of organisms at different stages
Embryology
The term that describes a series of chance occurrences can cause a change in allele frequency.
Genetic Drift
Based on the fossil record, 99% of the species that have existed are now____.
Extinct
______ is the differences in traits among organisms.
Variation
Darwin noticed beak shape differences in this kind of bird on different islands during his journeys
Finches
The study of fossils or extinct organisms
Paleontology
The situation in which allele frequencies remain constant is called
Genetic equilibrium
The evolutionary process by which populations evolve to become distinct species
Speciation
The preserved remains of an organism
Fossil
The name of Darwin's ship
HMS beagle
The study of the distribution of organisms around the world.
Biogeography
The term used to describe the total genetic information available in a population
Gene pool
This word describes slow, constant evolutionary changes over a long period of time
Gradualism
The theory that proposed that the organelles of eukaryotic cells were once prokaryotic cells that have been engulfed by a larger prokaryotic cell
Endosymbiotic Theory
Darwin noticed differences in the shells of these type of turtles on each island
Small leftover organs or structures that had a function in an early ancestor
Vestigial Structures
A percentage that represents the number of times that one allele occurs in a gene pool compared with the number of times that other alleles for the same gene occur
Allele frequency
This phrase describes situations when unrelated species evolve similar characteristics because they live in similar environments, similar to whales and sharks, who are not closely related but have both developed fins.
Convergent evolution
This French naturalist proposed (incorrectly) that animal's bodies changed over the course of their life, and that their offspring inherited these changes
Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
Darwin believed all species have a
common ancestor
This species shares 98.8% of human DNA sequence
Chimpanzee
The names of the two population biologists who showed that allele frequencies in a population tend to remain the same from one generation to the next unless acted on by outside forces
Godfrey Hardy and Wilhelm Weinberg
This process occurs when species evolve together, like flowering plants and their pollinators
Coeveolution