Evolution Review

Pre-Darwin

100

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200

The founder of modern evolutionary theory is considered to be: a. Darwin b. Linnaeus c. Lamark d. Wallace

What is a. Darwin

300

Lamark is to “inheritance of acquired characteristics” as Darwin is to___________. a. Divergence of related species b. Homologous structures c. Evolution by natural selection d. Speciation by common decent

What is c. Evolution by natural selection

400

Which of the following best characterizes Lamark’s evolutionary theory? a.Faced with an environment in which leaves grew only at the tops of short trees, giraffes responded by growing long necks. b.Only giraffes with long necks moved into an environment where leaves grew only at the tops of short trees. c.The necks of giraffes that did not eat leaves from the tops of short trees grew shorter from lack of exercise. d.Among a population of giraffes, those with long necks were able to survive in an environment in which leaves grew only at the tops of short trees

What is c.The necks of giraffes that did not eat leaves from the tops of short trees grew shorter from lack of exercise.

500

The evolutionary theory proposed by Lamarck is considered an important step in scientific thought, even though it was rejected. Which of the following best describes why Lamarck’s theory was rejected? a.Characteristics acquired by a living organism cannot be passed to offspring b.There is no evidence that giraffe necks have gotten longer over time c.It was not well documented and was never written down in a science paper d.IT was not as good a theory as Darwin’s, so people rejected its accuracy

What is a.Characteristics acquired by a living organism cannot be passed to offspring

Darwin

100

To what island off the coast of South America did Darwin travel to do conduct research? a. Hawaii c Galapagos b. Haiti d. Bermuda

What is c Galapagos

200

Which concepts are a part of Darwin’s Theory of Evolution by means of Natural Selection? a.overproduction, competition, variations, survival of fittest, new species b.overproduction, convergent evolution, geography, speciation c.reproduction, nutrition, variables, climate d.gestation, genetic drift, gene pool, allotropic speciation

What is a.overproduction, competition, variations, survival of fittest, new species

300

Natural selection can best be defined as the a. survival of the biggest and strongest organisms in a population b. elimination of the smallest organisms by the biggest organisms c. survival and reproduction of the organisms that occupy the largest area d. survival and reproduction of the organisms that are best adapted to the environment.

What is d. survival and reproduction of the organisms that are best adapted to the environment.

400

Which of the following is NOT a part of Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection? a.Individuals in a population vary in many ways b.Some individuals possess features that enable them to survive better than individuals lacking those features c.More offspring are produced than can generally survive d.Changes in an individual's genetic material are usually harmful

What is d.Changes in an individual's genetic material are usually harmful

500

Walruses live in the Arctic and have a thick fat layer. The ancestors of modern-day walruses might not have had that thick layer of fat. Over time, the walruses have probably changed. According to the theory of evolution by natural selection, what is the most likely reason for such a change? a.The walruses wanted to adapt to the cold climate, so they learned to develop thicker fat layers. b.The walruses that had thicker fat layers were more apt to survive and live to reproduce c.The walruses inherited a thicker fat layer from their parents d. With each successive generation, more walruses have thicker fat layers

What is b.The walruses that had thicker fat layers were more apt to survive and live to reproduce

Natural Selection

100

Any variation that can help an organism survive in its environment is called a(n): a.Adaptation b.Characteristic c.Competition d.Vestigial structure

What is a.Adaptation

200

How does the overuse of antibiotics lead to resistant strains of bacteria? a.Antibiotics change the structure of bacteria, making them resistant b.Antibiotics introduce too many bacteria to a population at a time c.Antibiotics provide a breeding ground in which bacteria can flourish d.Antibiotics shift natural selection to favor existing resistant bacteria

What is d.Antibiotics shift natural selection to favor existing resistant bacteria

300

Antibiotics kill bacteria, however bacteria can become resistant due to a. Mutations in genes of bacteria b. Natural Selection c. Improper use of antibiotics d. All of the above

What is d. All of the above

400

A farmer only grew one type of soy bean plant. All of her soy bean plants died from the same disease. What was most likely true of the soybean plant population? a.They had a lot of resistance to disease b.They had a few plants that were resistant to the disease c.They had too much variation in their genes d.They had little variation in their genes

What is d.They had little variation in their genes

500

Some insect species are resistant to pesticides. Which statement best describes this phenomenon? a.Bacteria reproduce through asexual reproduction, which allows them to reproduce more quickly than plants or animals b.Natural selection resulted in an unfavorable variation for the insects c.Random variation in the population led to a population with a favorable adaptation d.Some of the insects became instantly immune when the poisons were introduces into their environment

What is c.Random variation in the population led to a population with a favorable adaptation

Evidence

100

What does the fossil record show about the history of species on earth? a.Species stay the same over time b.Species evolve from one form to another c.Modern species have no relationship to ancient species d.No new species have emerged in the last 200 million years

What is b.Species evolve from one form to another

200

The actual age of a fossil can be accurately measured by ______. a. Absolute dating c. relative dating b. calendar dating d. none of these

What is a. Absolute dating

300

Structures that have a similar embryological origin and structure but are adapted for different purposes, such as a bat wing and a human arm are called a.Emrbyrological structures b.Homologous structures c. analogous structures d. homozygous structures

What is b.Homologous structures

400

The body parts of organisms that do not have a common evolutionary origin but are similar in function are called a. analogous c. homologous b. mutations d. tropisms

What is a. analogous

500

Humans have an appendix, a thin tube connected to the large intestine that serves no purpose and is a threat to human health and life if it becomes infected and/or inflamed. It is believed that the appendix once had a function as part of the human digestive system. The human appendix, therefore, is_____. a. a homologous structure c. a vital organ b. a vestigial organ d. a mutation

What is b. a vestigial organ

Grab Bag!

100

Which of the following best describes the theory of punctuated equilibrium? a.A biological change occurs slowly and steadily over a long period of time. b.Biological change occurs quickly over a short period of time. c.Tiny changes in a species add up to major changes over time. d. Events throughout the history of life have caused the extinction of species

What is b.Biological change occurs quickly over a short period of time.

200

Genetic drift is best described as a.A random mutation changing an organisms’ phenotype b.The changes in the gene pool that result from the variation of a large population c.An increase in an advantageous characteristic in a population d.Change in a population’s genes due to random events

What is d.Change in a population’s genes due to random events

300

One very important mechanism for evolution is genetic drift, which is the a.random change in genes within a population b.formation of new species c.isolation of individual organisms of a population d.ability of an organism to survive in its environment

What is a.random change in genes within a population

400

Which of the following statements about punctuated equilibrium is NOT true? a.The fossil record does not support punctuated equilibrium b.Punctuated equilibrium suggests that new species appear suddenly after long periods of no change c.The greatest change in new species occurs when it first evolves from the parent species, and it then changes little for the remainder of its existence d.The fossil record supports punctuated equilibrium

What is a.The fossil record does not support punctuated equilibrium

500

The flying squirrel of North America very closely resembles the flying phalanger of Australia. They are similar in size, have ling, bushy tails, and skin folds that allow them to glide though the air. The squirrel is a placental mammal, while the phalanger is a marsupial. These close resemblances, even though genetically and geographically separated by great distances, can best be explained by a. convergent evolution c. divergent evolution b. spontaneous generation d. vestigial structures

What is a. convergent evolution