Evidence of Evolution
Structures that are derived from the same body part in a common ancestor but may have different appearances and functions.
Homologous Structures
Natural Selection can be described as "evolution by _________ traits"
inheritable
A physical geographical barrier isolates a population
Allopatric Speciation
Cladograms hypothesize about evolutionary relationships based on ________ that were derived from a common ancestor
characteristics
Changes in the genetic make-up of a population over time
Evolution
Structures that did not evolve from a common ancestor but may appear similar or serve the same function.
Analogous Structures
Inherited advantageous traits that increase an organism's chance of survival or reproduction
Reproductive isolation occurs between two populations without physical barriers
Sympatric Speciation
Phylogenetic Trees are all based on true evolutionary __________ proven by molecular data
relationships
True or False: An organism can "will" an adaptation.
False
Structures that an ancestor used but the descendent doesn't
Vestigial Structures
Name one naturalist who believed Natural Selection was the mechanism of change in evolution.
Darwin, Wallace
Different body structures on two organisms prevent them from reproducing. What type of isolation or barrier is this?
Mechanical
Where would you find the most common or most shared characteristic on a cladogram? The least shared?
Bottom, Top
What is the purpose of traits that don't seem to help an organism survive? Example: a lion's mane or a peacock's feathers
Reproduction
What is the study of embryos to help determine evolutionary relationships
Comparative Embryology
Name two "ingredients" for Natural Selection
Variation, Competition, Overproduction of Offspring, Differential Reproduction, Diff. Inheritance, Diff. Survival
Two species of male birds have different mating songs, meaning they will not attract a female of the other species to reproduce. What type of isolation or barrier is this?
Behavioral
What do the nodes on phylogenetic trees represent?
Common ancestors
How does the frequency of a favorable trait increase in a population over time?
The individuals that already have the advantageous trait will survive and reproduce whereas those without the trait will not survive.
The strongest piece of evidence for evolution
Molecular or DNA
1. What determines if an organism is "fit" 2. define what "fitness" is
Nature, the ability to survive and produce viable offspring
2 types of frogs breed at different times of the year. What type of isolation is this?
Temporal
Following the system of binomial nomenclature, what are the two scientific names given to every organism based on?
Genus, Species
True or False: Organisms can acquire a trait in their lifetime then pass it on through genes
False