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Developing the Theory of Evolution
Evidence of Evolution
Natural Selection
Natural Selection 2
Misc.
100
After this scientist went on a trip to the Galapagos Islands, he formed the theory of evolution via natural selection.
Who is Charles Darwin?
100
Charles Darwin thought that these remnants of organisms that lived long ago indicated obvious change over time, and allowed him to trace the evolutionary changes of similar organisms.
What are fossils?
100
These are traits that give individuals a survival advantage.
What are adaptations?
100
This is defined as the mechanism of evolution; individuals with the most favorable traits are able to survive and reproduce!
What is natural selection?
100
This is the name of Darwin's book.
What is On the Origin of Species?
200
Jean Baptiste Lamarck came up with his theory of evolution around the same time as Darwin, except his theory was flawed because he believed that individuals could pass on traits that they develop throughout their lifetime. These traits are called ____________. a) inherited traits b) acquired traits c) evolutionary traits d) naturally selected traits
What are ACQUIRED traits?
200
The fact that the whale has remnants of a pelvis indicates a possible common ancestor with land animals. However, the pelvis no longer has any real function in a whale, which makes it THIS type of structure.
What are VESTIGIAL structures?
200
More organisms are born than will survive, thus, they will need to compete for food, resources, living space, etc. What is this called?
What is competition?
200
This is a term to describe similar structures between organisms that have different functions.
What homologous structures?
200
In the cladogram shown, these two organisms are the most closely related: a) camels and hippos b) pigs and whales c) pigs and ruminants (giraffes) d) hippos and whales
What is d) hippos and whales?
300
Throwback question!! This is the theory that living things could arise from NON-living things (ex: flies on a piece of raw meat) a) gradual development b) magic c) spontaneous generation d) hatching
What is Spontaneous Generation?
300
Organisms in utero (in the womb) look alike in numerous types of organisms, indicating evidence of evolution. What is the name of the science that compares the embryos of organisms?
What is embryology?
300
The separation of species because they reproduce at different times results in this type of isolation.
What is reproductive isolation?
300
This is the physical separation of members of a population which could be a result of their original habitat being divided.
What is GEOGRAPHIC ISOLATION?
300
True or False: According to the fossil record, many species that have lived on earth still exist today.
What is the false?
400
This is the scientist that ultimately caused Charles Darwin to publish his work.
Who is Wallace?
400
Sharks, dolphins, and penguins all have streamlined bodies and appendages that enable them to move through water. These similarities in structure due to function, although they do not have very common ancestors, show THIS type of structure.
What is an Analogous structure?
400
Besides gene shuffling during reproduction, THESE are the main sources of genetic variation that lead to natural selection.
What are mutations?
400
Organisms that are more likely to reproduce and create fertile offspring, passing these "good genes" onto future generations are said to have higher ______________...
What is fitness?
400
Explain how bacteria can become antibiotic resistant in response to the use of antibiotics.
In medicine we use antibiotics to kill cells that have a prokaryote metabolism. This kills bacterial cells, but not our own cells. However, there are so many bacteria and they reproduce so fast there is a good chance that there will be a mutant bacteria that is resistant to the antibiotic. All the other bacteria die, but this bacteria thrives without any competition. It can reproduce unchecked because the antibiotic is not effective on it. Doctors can try a new antibiotic that may wipe out most of this bacteria, but there is a chance that there will be one or two that are resistant to the new antibiotic. Over time, bacteria can evolve that are resistant to multiple antibiotics.
500
Throwback question!! This is the theory in which scientists theorize that Eukaryotes evolved from Prokaryotes. Small Prokaryotes invaded larger Prokaryotes and formed symbiotic relationships, eventually evolving into the organelles of Eukaryotes. The fact that mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own DNA is great evidence for this theory.
What is the Endosymbiotic Theory?
500
If DNA can't be obtained, these organic molecules can be used to determine relationships between organisms. Scientists read the amino acid sequences and look for similarities to suggest evolutionary relationships.
What are proteins?
500
A single species that has undergone evolution into several different forms that live in different ways (ex: Galapagos finch beaks - diagram looks like a "wheel").
What is adaptive radiation?
500
Explain how natural selection leads to evolution, using an example like how the giraffe got such a long neck.
If an organism has a genetic trait that makes it more adapted to its environment (like a long neck in an environment in which there is a scarcity of food at low levels), that organism will be more likely to survive and pass its adaptive trait on to the next generation. Over many many generations, the trait can continue to be selected for and gradually the neck of the giraffe can get longer and longer until it reaches a limit.
500
Sexual reproduction speeds up evolution because processes such as crossing over and independent assortment during meiosis increases the potential for THIS, which is a necessary component for evolution.
What is genetic diversity?