Evolutionary Theory
Change of allele frequencies in a population over time
What is biological evolution
Unique trait defining the hominins
What is bipedalism
Name a primate that can use tools
What is macaques, capuchins, apes
Two factors contributing to fossilization process
What is avoid scavengers, get buried quickly, soil not too acidic or alkaline (neutral pH), low-oxygen level to avoid decomposition by bacteria
Two negative health effects associated with bipedalism
What is scoliosis, hernia, arthritis in joints, childbirth problem
Differential reproductive success as adaptation to the environment over multiple generations
What is natural selection
A trait characterized as projecting face and found in non-human primates and early hominins
What is facial prognathism
The most common form of locomotion found in strepsirrhines
What is vertical clinging and leaping (VCL)
Father of taxonomy
What is Carolus von Linnaeus
What is the foramen magnum
Mass extinction of species due to a random, natural event
What is bottleneck effect
Hominin species that lived in East Africa and one of them was named after a song
What is Australipithecus afarensis
A group of primate with dry nose, enclosed eye socket, and extended parental care
What is haplorrhine
Scientists known for developing the concept of "deep times"
What is James Hutton and Charles Lyell
An hominin species with opposable big toe but angled-inward legs and curved-forward iliac blades
What is Ardipithecus ramidus
The force of evolution that is the only source of novel variation in a species
What is mutation
Several species of hominins that appear to have been an evolutionary dead-end because of their extreme dietary and anatomical specializations.
What are the Robust Australopithecines (or Paranthropus sp.).
A layer in the eye enhancing night vision in primates
What is tapetum lucidum
The study of what happen to an organism after death, including fossilization
What is taphonomy
Three anatomical adaptations associated with bipedalism
What is anterior position of foramen magnum, S-shaped spine, bowl-shaped pelvis, angled-inward femurs, aligned big toe, double-arched foot
A shared trait inherited from a distant common ancestor
What is ancestral trait
Three physical traits associated with suspensory locomotion
What is barrel chest, shoulder blades on the back, shoulder joints face laterally, arms longer than legs
Difference between hominins vs. hominoids
What is human-lineage descents from last common ancestor shared with chimps/bonobos vs. descents from the last common ancestor of all apes
Name and age of the hominin footprints preserved in volcanic ash found in Tanzania
What is Laetoli footprint, 3.6 mya