Hormone Signaling
Where are catecholamines (Epi/Norepi) synthesized? (specifically)
Adrenal Medulla
Define Endocrine
A long term chemical messenger that travels through the blood to the target tissue
On the extracellular surface
Cortisol is typically highest during what time of day?
Morning
What stimulates the release of IGF-1?
Growth Hormone
What is the primary function of insulin and glucagon?
Insulin decreases blood glucose (increases cell uptake)
Glucagon increases blood glucose
The body can increase the strength of a hormone signal through releasing more hormone and _________.
Increasing the sensitivity of the receptors
Increasing the number of receptors
What is the acute response of insulin and glucagon to exercise?
Insulin decreases and Glucagon increases
Growth hormone acts through which intracellular cascade?
JAK/STAT
What is the primary mineralocorticoid and what is it's primary function?
Aldosterone. Increases Na+ re-absorption at the kidney leading to more water re-absorption and increased blood volume
Explain Phosphorylation as it applies to hormones.
Hormones can regulate metabolism by phosphorylating enzymes (adding large negative side group) that changes the shape and function.
Explain the general adaptation to chronic endurance training.
Decline in hormone response at submaximal exercise (Epi/Norepi, Glucagon, cortisol, testosterone). MORE SENSITIVE.... Increased release to maximal intensity exercise
Draw a negative feedback system with all 3 tiers.
Many... Mostly Hypothalamus - Anterior Pituitary - Endocrine Gland
What are 2 important hormones that could monitor a athletes training/recovery status?
Testosterone/Cortisol ratio. Open to a few other arguments
What are 3 ways a hormone can alter cellular reactions?
–Modifying protein synthesis by stimulating DNA replication
–Changing rate of enzyme activity
–Altering plasma membrane transport
–Inducing secretory activity
What is the chronic training adaptation of IGF-1
Unlikely there is one. More sensitive to calorie intake