Micronutrients
What 2 micronutrients strengthen bone?
Calcium and Phosphorus
What are 2 environmental factors influencing enzyme turn-over rate?
pH, Temperature.
List 1 direct calorimetry method?
AND 1 in-direct method?
Direct= measure heat released
Indirect= gas, HR, Radioisotopes...
Define hyponatremia
Low plasma sodium concentrations
Describe an antioxidant AND how it helps an athlete?
Which macronutrient has the highest co-efficient of digestibility?
Carbohydrates
How many kcal is 1 gram of carbohydrate?
Carbs = 4.2 kcal/gram
How early before exercise should you ingest carbohydrates?
> 60 minutes
What is the difference between a vitamin and mineral
Describe a reduction reaction
Reduction involves gaining an electron
Describe the Calories in vs Calories out AND Mass balance model of weight loss.
Calories In vs Out: All about energy input vs energy output with few factors affecting it.
Mass balance model: More about food mass in vs food mass out and macronutrient digestibility.
What is the RDA range (g/kg) for carbohydrates?
6 - 10 grams/kg
Explain how Vitamin C is activated in the body.
UV radiation converts cholesterol to cholecalciferol. Then it is converted at the Liver then Kidney to Calcitriol.
List 5 fuel sources for exercise AND where they are located.
1.Triacylglycerol + glycogen stored within
the muscle cells
2.Blood glucose derived from liver
glycogen
3.Free fatty acids derived from
triacylglycerols in liver and adipocytes
4.Liver-derived carbon skeletons of
amino acids
5.Anaerobic reactions in the initial
phase of glucose breakdown
6.PCr and ATP within the cell
Give an example of mechanical, electrical, solar and chemical energy used in the body.
Mechanical: muscle contraction, ATP synthase
Electrical: Nerve action potential
Solar: Activation of vitamin D
Chemical: Energy stored in ATP, Carbs....
What are 2 things you want MOST in a pre-exercise snack?
What are 2 things to avoid?
Want = carbs and fluids
Avoid = fiber and lipids