Igneous
Sedimentary
Earth's Composition
Rocks and Minerals
Plate Tectonics
100
The plate boundaries/tectonically active regions that igneous rocks are formed at
Convergent, divergent, and hot spots
100
The two types of weathering that happen to sedimentary rocks
Chemical and physical
100
The state of matter of the Earth's mantle
Solid
100
The color generally associated with the most ultramafic of rocks and then the most felsic of rocks.
Green and pink
100
The three types of plate boundaries
Divergent, convergent, and transform
200
The two types of igneous rocks and their general definitions
Intrusive - formed beneath the surface and cooled slowly
Extrusive - formed at the surface and rapidly cooled
200
The location along a stream in which large clasts are deposited
Upstream/Near the source
200
These two reasons are the primary causes for melting of the mantle
Decompression and addition of water
200
According to Bowen's Reaction Series, this type of rock dissolves and breaks down the fastest
(Bonus 200 points for explaining WHY!)
Mafic, because of the looser connections in the silica tetrahedral network compared to felsic.
200
This occurs at the Mid-Atlantic ridge and "grows" the oceanic crust
Seafloor spreading
300
The process of incorporating surrounding country rock into the melt
Assimilation
300
Each stage of the formation of a sedimentary rock
Weathering, Erosion/Transportation, Deposition/Sedimentation, Burial, Diagenesis/Lithification
300
The only layer of the Earth where the geotherm is to the right of the melting curve
The outer core
300
The continual transformation of Earth materials from one rock type to another
The rock cycle
300
This plate boundary has no metamorphic or igneous activity
Transform boundary
400
Magmas that crystallize in the crust or erupt as lavas at the surface are initially formed by melting this layer of the Earth
The mantle
400
The two sediment types
Clastic sediments and chemical/biochemical sediments
400
This mineral is the most common one in the Earth's mantle
Olivine
400
The two factors that control the properties of rocks
minerals in the rock, formation of the rock
400
How we know the reversal of the Earth's magnetic field
Basalt in the seafloor
500
How you would expect the composition of igneous rocks to change vertically through the continental crust
More mafic in the lower crust and becoming more gradually more felsic in the shallower crust
500
This sediment quality increases downstream in water transport
Sediment maturity
500
Average thickness of the lithosphere and the continental crust, respectively.
About 100km and 40km.
500
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This element would most likely occur in an orthoclase feldspar (KAlSi3O8)
Na/Rb
500
This plate boundary is associated with intrusion of granite at depths and explosive andesitic volcanic activity
Convergent boundary