Definitions
"The influences that people have upon our beliefs and behavior and of how we influence others" is the text's definition of
Social Psychology
Which of the following best reflects a dispositional view of human behavior?
"Ken is so egotistical that he has trouble making friends, that is really sad"
Our brain size appears to set to a limit of about _______ people with whom we can have stable and meaningful relationships.
groups
The belief that we are more objective and less biased than most other people is called
Blind spot bias
The Term for when we know the outcome of an event, we have the sense that we knew all along that things would turn out as they did
hindsight bias
According to dissonance theory, as the external justifications for performing an act decrease, the need to find internal justifications for performing the act tends to ______
increase
Evolutionary psychology suggests that our current brains contain the traits and tendencies that were successful for our __________ ancestors
hunter-gatherer ancestors
The human mind's two thinking systems are:
controlled processing and automatic processing
The cloak of invisibility illusion is:
Egocentric bias
People tend to explain the causes of other people's behavior as being the result of their personalities. If Sam gets a bad grade on a test, it must be because he is stupid. This tendency is called
The dispositional view
The process of dissonance reduction is a/an __________ process.
unconscious
Sloman and Fernbach argue that we "think in groups" rather than as rational individuals. This idea is consistent with the concept of _______ presented by Aronson.
Tribal mind
A store advertises a sale on a PS5 for $150 and you go and they say, "Hey man, we are sorry this deal expired yesterday. But our new deal is even better because for $600 we will include a free tote bag!" This sales technique is known as:
lowballing
What is the term for when we tap into our feelings to shape our evaluations of people or ideas
Affect heuristics
Your friend describes a new coworker to you and states that this individual as a “attractive, jokester, always late, egotistical”. In later conversations when this person comes up, you mention how you remember how attractive and jokester the person is. This is an example of
Primacy effect
A dispositional interpretation of the Jonestown (cult) massacre would claim that:
The parents were evil
What is a disadvantage of a large reward?
the intrinsic value of the rewarded behavior may be reduced
In comparison to people with low self-esteem, cognitive dissonance theory suggests that persons with high self-esteem are ________ likely to experience dissonance if they hurt someone and ________ likely to derogate a victim whom they have hurt.
more, more
Joseph is concerned about his future, so he visits a "psychic" who tells him, "You are a person who can succeed in life. You have many talents that could be developed—ones that could bring you great prosperity. Sometimes you are afraid of taking risks, but you can spot a good opportunity when you see one." Jim leaves the psychic's office convinced that he has what it takes to be a success in life. The psychic's message is known as
Is known as the Barnum effect
What is the term that refers to when we take shortcuts in processing complex information
Cognitive Miser
According to dissonance theory, as the external justifications for performing an act decrease, the need to find internal justifications for performing the act tends to ______
increase
According to dissonance theory, why do we favor goals we suffer for?
We are motivated to justify the time and effort we've spent
Jenna has two boyfriends, Joe and Larry, whom she likes very much. Both of them really like her, too. She has decided, however, that dating both of them is making her life too complicated. After careful consideration, she decides to stop seeing Joe and to continue dating Larry. According to dissonance theory, which of the following is most likely to happen as a result of her decision?
Larry will seem so much more attractive to her, since that was her final choice
One of the most common ways of categorizing people is to divide the world up into two groups: the in-group (one's own group) and the out-group. This tendency leads to:
the perception that one's own group is "better" and more deserving than the out-group