General Principles
The tendency to respond similarly to similar stimuli.
What is generalization?
This principle captures the relationship between thunder and lightning.
What is the principle of liveliness?
(contiguity is also acceptable)
The tendency to quickly withdraw your hand from a hot surface.
What is a reflex?
The four basic components of Classical Conditioning.
What are (1) the Unconditioned Stimulus, (2) the Unconditioned Response, (3) the Conditioned Stimulus, and the (4) Conditioned Response?
This young boy was classically conditioned to fear white rats.
Who is Little Albert?
This type of figure depicts improvement in performance.
What is an acquisition / learning curve?
Use this learning tool to remember a difficult list of items.
What is a mnemonic device?
The habituation principle that relies on time passage for a habituated response to reappear.
What is recovery?
This therapeutic technique makes use of a generalization gradient to gradually expose a person to the object of fear.
What is systematic desensitization?
This scientist used nonsense syllables to run the first experiments on the principles of association.
Who is Hermann Ebbinghaus?
Three necessities for spontaneous recovery.
What are (1) extinction; (2) a time delay; and
(3) the CS?
Percent savings may be calculated in this way.
•What is
(# Repetitions to learn –
# Repetitions to re-learn)
__________________ ?
# Repetitions to learn
Scientific name for the attraction of moths to a flame.
What is a positive phototaxis?
This class of theories emphasizes the role of history and contextual cues in classical conditioning.
What are Comparator Theories?
This behaviorist conditioned Albert to fear white rats.
Who was J. B. Watson?
Extra Credit!
Earn extra points if you can identify Watson’s accomplice.
A relatively permanent change in observable behavior that results from experience with the environment.
What is the definition of learning?
This theory explains habituation as the summation of processes A and B.
What is Opponent Process Theory?
Johnson and Aslin used a display of a stick moving behind a box to test this concept in babies.
What is object unity / object permanence?
According to this theory, you must pay attention to a stimulus to become conditioned to it.
What is Mackintosh’s Theory of Attention?
This physiologist identified three neurons in the reflex arc.
Who is Sherrington?