Exam 1 & 2- did you forget about this?

Tell me what you want

100

Enzyme used in DNA replication to sequence DNA or RNA strands it also fixes errors. 

DNA polymerase

200

List the base pairings in DNA? In RNA?

DNA: AT, GC 

RNA: AU, GC

300

This antimicrobial enzyme is a chemical barrier found in tears and mucus. It causes bacterial lysis by disrupting bacterial cell walls. 

Lysozyme

400

Lymph fluid returns to the blood via the

Thoracic duct 

(largest lymphatic vessel)

500

GALT consists of 3 secondary lymphoid tissues types:

- Peyer pathces

- Isolated lymphoid follicles

- Mesenteric lymph nodes

600

What physiologic components play a large role in inspiration and expiration?

diaphragm, intercostal muscles, and chest wall

what you really reallywant

100

Non-phagocytic; resides in bloodstream; contains histamine

Basophils

200

Macrophages types in Lung, Liver, and Brain

Lung- Alveolar macrophage 

Liver- Kupffer cell

Brain- Microglia 

300

Three pathways for complement activation

- Classical (bacteria coated with antibodies) 

- Lectin (MBL protein in liver attaches to bacteria then activates compliment cascade)

- Alternative (compliment binds to bacterial wall initiating cascade) 

400

Utilized as a marker for B cell maturation, may assist in mucosal immunity 

IgD

500

In the primary immune response what antibody peaks first then what antibody peaks second?

Is this the same in a secondary response?

Primary response: IgM first, then IgG

Secondary: no response is different. IgG peaks way higher, and faster at the same time as IgM

600

Breathing is generated by a network of neurons located near the upper end of the medullary respiratory center. 

Pre-Brontzinger complex which display pacemaker activity. 

Anotha one

100

Name that hypersensitivity:

Mediated by production of IgE.

reactions may include hives, eczema, allergic asthma, food allergy, anaphylaxis

Immediate hypersensitivity (type 1) 

200

Two elements required for DNA synthesis

Vitamin B12 and folate

300

Type of malignancy arising from glandular epithelial cells

Adenocarcinoma

400

Target of many anti-fungal drugs

ergosterol

500

Genetic disorder producing abnormal alpha or beta chains. 

Thalassemia

600

Surfactant is a phospholipid protein liquid secreted by what 

Type 2 alveolar epithelial cells (AEC)

Major Key

100

What factors are NOT synthesized in the liver and where are they synthesized?

IV Calcium synthesized in diet

vWF Von Willebrand factor Synthesized in endothelial cells

200

-Can result in hyperuricemia, increased potassium, increased phosphate, decreased calcium

- may also lead to arrhythmias, acute renal failure, or seizures

Tumor lysis syndrome

300

Name this hypersensitivity:

host cell surfaces becomes unrecognizable, immune system sees host as "non-self". B cells make IgM or IgG against host then bind to host leading to inflammation and cell death. 

Antibody-mediated hypersensitivity (Type 2)

400

new and uncontrolled proliferation of cells that can be benign or malignant

neoplasm 

500

Viral causes of cancer

 

1) Epstein-Barr can lead to: 

2) Hep B can lead to:

3) HPV can lead to:

1) Burkitt lymphoma

2) Hepatocellular carcinoma

3) head/neck & anogenital 

600

What stage in slow response action potentials do calcium channels switch from T-type to L-type channels?

Phase 0 - upstroke

Are we done yet

100

This lipid metabolite of arachidonic acid promotes platelet aggregation vasoconstriction in the area

Thromboxane A₂

200

Name the hypersensitivity: 

- Response mediated by CD4 or CD8 T cells
- delayed due to occurring several days after exposure
- most commonly manifests as a blistering skin rash
Ex: Reactions to metals in jewelry or poison ivy

T cell -mediated hypersensitivity (type 4; delayed)

300

1) Intrinsic pathway factors include:

2) Assessed by what test?

3) Intrinsic pathway is influenced by what drug?

1) XII, XI, X, IX, VIII, V, II

2) aPTT

3) Heparin 

400

Name this hypersensitivity:

-IgM or IgG is produced against a foreign protein
-leads to an immune complex formation
-activates the complement cascade leading to inflammation

Examples: post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis and RA

Immune complex mediated hypersensitivity (Type 3)

500

Endothelial cells release this inhibitor of platelet activation and aggregation. 

Nitric Oxide

600

What is the HR if the CO= 6L/min and SV= 75mL?

80 bpm

CO=HR x SV 

*be mindful of units* 

lol no we are not

100

What are the three components of Virchow's Triad?

- hypercoaguability 

- venous stasis

- endothelial injury 

200

What inactivates cofactors VIII and V?

Protein C/Protein S

300

Biophysics of vascular wall tension

Law of LaPlace

400

T/F In Moderate CAD the diameter of the vessel and the lumen increase in size.

False. diameter of the vessel remains constant in Minimal/Moderate CAD as the lumen size expands. This changes in severe CAD.

500

Calculate the MAP for someone with a SBP of 120 and a DBP of 60. 

MAP= 80 

MAP= DBP + (SBP-DBP)/3

600

Fun fact:

we are NOW 1000 days out from graduation.