Characteristics of Play
Name the 5 characteristics of play
Pleasurable, intrinsically motivated, non-literal, freely chosen, & spontaneous
What belief was expressed by the British philosopher John Locke?
Children should never be allowed to do what they want
Why was play discouraged by the Puritans?
it distracted them from study and vocational training.
Describe associative play
when children play together, but have different ideas and goals
What type of research happens over an extended period of time?
Longitudional
Unlike play, work is always
extrinsically motivated.
Who said that the main value of play was to reduce anxiety?
Sigmund Freud
In her research on Mayan children in the Yucatan peninsula of Mexico, Suzanne Gaskins found that Mayan parents valued play because it
distracted children so mother could get her work done.
Relationship between animal play and the real world
Animals who play the most when young have better motor skills as adults.
Cultures whose fortunes depend on uncontrollable factors, such as weather conditions, are likely to emphasize
games of chance.
Describe parallel play
play in which children play adjacent to each other, but do not try to influence one another's behavior
How did John Watson view play?
means of bringing about social reform.
Lower socioeconomic status children in the United States engage in ___________ symbolic play than middle class children do.
less sophisticated
True of False: In their make-believe play, American children are more likely to assume fantasy roles (e.g., television characters) than they are to assume realistic adult roles.
True
Can we determine cause and effect from correlational research?
No
Give an example of play across cultures
Parents interaction (or lack of interaction) with children during play has a strong influence on how a child plays
Who said that children are a blank slate?
John Locke
In cultures with limited technological sophistication, for whom survival is a day-to-day affair, one is likely to find
Games of physical skill
What is play therapy?
A form of therapy that utilizes play for children to express their feelings.
What is an dependent variable
The variable whose value depends on another
Name the 5 characteristics of play
Pleasurable, intrinsically motivated, non-literal, freely chosen, & spontaneous
Did Locke believe that society played a role in how children develop?
Yes
Cultures that emphasize ___________ are the most likely to value cooperation in the games of their children.
Collectivism
Name the 6 categories of social play
unoccupied, solitary, on looker, parallel, associative, cooperative
Cross-cultural research on competition and cooperation in play seems to suggest that children play more cooperatively when their parents
praise them for at least trying even if they fail.