exam 1

Wine processing

100

What part of the wine making process is "must" released? 

Destemming/Crushing

200

How long does the fermentation process take? And at what temperature for reds and whites?

3-5 days

reds: 70-90 degrees

whites: 45-65 degrees

300

What is the importance of the Filtered step in wine making

Filters out yeasts so they dont over ferment the wine when aging

400

What is added to wine to prevent the growth of acetic acid bacteria, yeasts and molds?

Sulfites

500

What are the 9 steps in wine making/processing

1. Harvest

2. destemming/crushing

3. clarified

4.Pressing

5. Fermented

6. filtered 

7. Racking

8. Aging 

9. bottling

Economics

100

How much of their income do americans spend on food?

11.9%

200

What food industry employs the largest amount of people

Meat industry

300

How many food processing plants are in the US? what state has the most?

38,000

California 

400

How much of the global food supply is wasted?

30%

500

What does food security mean?

the state of having reliable access to a sufficient quantity of affordable, nutritious food.

Species

100

What are the 3 grape species used for wine making?

Vitis Vinifera

Vitis Lambrusca

Vitis Rotundifolia

200

What yeasts are used to make wine (3)

Saccharomyces bayanus

Saccharomyces ellipsodius

Saccharomyces cerevisiae

300

What grape species is "old world"?

Vitis Vinifera

400

Why is yeast used instead of bacteria?

More tolerant to high alcohol contents

500

What bacteria species is responsible for producing acetic acid from ethyl alcohol? Spell it 

Acetobacter Aceti

Wine

100

What compound is responsible for the astringent sensation in wines

Tannins

200

What does it mean when a wine is Fortified?

More ethanol is added

300

What is the alcohol content of dessert wines, table wines and sparkling wines?

Dessert: 18-24%

Table: 7-13.9%

Sparkling: 10-13.9%

400

Name 4 Woody aromas 

cedar

oak

vanilla

chocolate

500

When a wine has too high of a malic acid content what process does it undergo to convert the malic acid to something else? what is the product of this process?

Malolactic acid fermentation 

latic acid

Food Processing/lab

100

how much did agriculture and food industries contribute to the US GDP

$1.26 Trillion

200

What does Brix measure? What instrument is used to measure it? 

Total solids 

Refractometer 

300

What are the six primary units of operation?

Fluid flow

Heat transfer 

Mass transfer

Separation 

Mixing

Size adjustment

400

What piece of lab equipment is used to know both precisely and accurately the volume of the solution ?

Volumetric Flask 

500

What is the name of the indicator used in titrations? Spell it correctly

Phenolphthalein