Infection
What is direct transmission? Indirect transmission?
direct exposure from pathogen- airborne/droplet
exposure from an object (pen/toy)- contact
What lab confirms a systemic infection?
What is a WBC found within a CBCD?
What class of medications would be contraindicated in a patient with a a Vitamin K deficiency or thrombocytopenia?
Antiplatelet/ Anticoagulants
What is tolerance when referring to pain medication mean?
What is when a patient takes pain medication and it is no longer effective- requiring an increase of dosage?
What class of pain medications can cause bleeding as an adverse effect?
What is NSAIDS?
Examples- Naproxen, Aspirin, Advil.
Describe a localized infection.
What is redness at site, warmth at site, swelling at site, pain at site?
No vital sign or blood work involvement- or it is now a systemic infection.
What does a positive serum antibody test mean?
What is the patient has or has had in the past the infection? Does not mean illness is active at the time.
How can you tell if a wound is infected?
What is red swollen peri wound, purulent drainage, warm?
How is withdrawal from opioids prevented?
What is tapering off of opioids?
Associated manifestations of pain are what?
What is symptoms that arise due to pain- example nausea/vomiting, muscle tension?
What factors increase the risk of a patient getting sick?
What is age, medications, communal living, autoimmune disorders, comorbidities, smoking?
What is a unique symptom of a UTI in the elderly population?
What is confusion?
How is antibiotic ointment applied to a wound infection?
What is the area is cleansed with soap and water first, then buttered on with a tongue depressor for even application?
What pain medications can be given with Extended Release medications if the patient is still experiencing pain?
What is immediate release pain medications for breakthrough pain?
Do not give next dose early and relaxion techniques are used WITH medications.
What is neuropathic pain and how is it treated?
What is nerve pain and anticonvulsants and antidepressants? Phantom pain is a type of neuropathic pain.
Examples- Gabapentin, Lyrica, Tegretol
... Cymbalta, Amitriptyline.
What organism is most responsible for
skin infections?
Urinary tract infections?
Pneumonia?
What is..
Staphylococcus aureus
E.coli
Pseudomonas
What are symptoms of a post-operative infection in a patient?
What is -
Increased/ decreased temperature, low urine output, adventitious lung sounds, decreased level of consciousness, wounds with infected appearance?
What is nitroglycerin used for and what is a common side effect?
What is angina (vasodilator) and headaches are common?
What signs and symptoms of an opioid over dose and what medication is given?
What is pinpoint pupils, RR lower than 12, and lethargy? Naloxone (Narcan) should be given.
Opioids can cause constipation, what is a initial nursing intervention to prevent this from happening?
What is increase fluid intake and fiber in diet?
What interventions helps reduce the risk of immunocompromised patients from getting sick?
What is restrict sick visitors, bottled water, no raw fruits/veggies, no undercooked meats/eggs/seafood, apply lotion to dry skin, garden only with mask and gloves, hand hygiene?
List common adjuvants used for pain control.
What is Tricyclic antidepressants, Benzodiazepines, Anticonvulsants, Steroids?
Define the following:
Cumulative effect
Synergistic effect
Antagonistic effect
Teratogenic effect
Cumulative continued administered medication that builds up to a toxic level.
Synergistic Enhanced effect of two or more meds together.
Antagonistic a medication that blocks or reduces the effectiveness of a medication
Teratogenic adverse effects on fetal development
Provide pain patch education.
What is- wear gloves, alternate sites, smoking decreases absorption, fever and vigorous exercise increase absorption, shave hair from site, no tape over patch, does not work immediately- may need immediate pain medication while waiting for patch to take effect?
What are common adverse effects of opioids?
What is bradypnea, constipation, orthostatic hypotension, nausea?