Bilingualism
Dialect
This theory states that children are born with general grammatical rules that are true for all languages (universal grammar) and that there is "innate linguistic competence"
Nativist Theory
early syllable babbling that contains a repeated CV syllable pattern
canonical babbling
Part of the brain that is responsible for involuntary, reflexive, and life sustaining processes
brain stem
The process of exchanging information, ideas, needs, and desires. Can be verbal or nonverbal
A distinctive and systematic way individuals produce variations in their speech
Accents
What theory states that: knowledge is constructed within social contexts via interactions with other people and uses experiences to understand the social world and our own reality?
Social Constructivist Theory
acoustic features of speech sounds present in their ambient language
categorical boundaries of phonemes
Profess in the brain where an overproduction of neurons occurs resulting in a diffuse and redundant neural system
What does receptive language look at?
Comprehension
similar to monolingual peers
What do we call the difference between what a learner can do on their own vs. what they can do with help?
Zone of proximal development
Repetition, higher pitch, longer pauses: 3 characteristics of _________________
child directed speech
the process where a fatty sheath forms around the axons which allows electrical impulses to be transmitted more efficiently
myelinization
What does expressive language look at?
Production
Difference between simultaneous and sequential bilingualism
simultaneous: child exposed to two languages since birth
sequential: children who initially learn one language and later acquire a second language
The focus of this theory is observable behaviors. Learning occurs when new behaviors arise or current behaviors change.
Behaviorist Learning Theory
intentionally communicating a request or rejection is called ______________
imperative communicative function
what is located next to heschl's gyrus and is responsible for processing linguistic function
Wernicke's area
What model of language states that language is composed of form (syntax, morphology & phonology), content (semantics), and use (pragmatics)?
Bloom & Lahey's model
How much input do you need to acquire each language?
25%
learning theory that uses rewards and punishments to modify behavior
operant conditioning
vocalizations produced by a 2 month old
cooing, gooing
word that means opposite
Contra
What is the difference between "speech" and "language?"
speech: a verbal means of communicating or conveying meaning that requires precise neuromuscular coordination
language: a shared system of representing concepts through the use of arbitrary symbols and rule-governed combinations of those symbols.