Psychology as a
Science
Science
What way of knowing eliminates the most human bias?
Scientific research
What must you obtain from participants at the beginning of a study?
Informed Consent
What is inductive reasoning?
Inductive: moving from observation to the development of hypotheses
What is a null hypothesis?
Null hypothesis: no relationship or effect
What is beneficence?
Striving to benefit those with whom they work
What is the major goal of psychology?
Major goal: understand human behavior, particularly cause-and-effect relations
At the end of an experiment that includes deception, what should you do?
Debrief participants.
What is a hypothesis?
A testable statement describing the relationship between two or more variables.
What does research idea generation rely on?
Research idea generation depends on the interests and creativity of the researcher.
What is a psychological construct?
A tool used to facilitate understanding of human behavior/a label for a domain of behaviors
What are the seven characteristics of Science?
Find general rules
Collect objective evidence
Make testable statements
Adopt a skeptical attitude about all claims
Is creative
Is public
Is productive
Why is Milgram’s obedience study now considered unethical?
It involved substantial psychological distress.
What are the four main approaches to conducting empirical research?
–Discovery
–Demonstration
–Refutation
–Replication
Which category of research generating uses the approach: observing and thinking about unusual behavior?
Sensitivity to provocative natural occurrences
What is the recency effect?
Items that came last are remembered more clearly than those that came first.
What are the six major ways of knowing?
Authority
Consensus
Observation
Logical analysis
Past experience
Scientific research
What are the major areas governed by Ethical Standards?
Institutional Approval
Informed Consent
Offering Inducements for Research Participation
Deception in Research
Debriefing
What is the criteria for good theory?
• The extent to which the theory accurately explains and predicts
•Breadth of information behind the theory
•Parsimony
•Karl Popper’s Theory of Falsification
Which category of research generating uses thought experiments consisting of simple, direct conceptual manipulations?
Simple conceptual analysis
Which Ethical standards were not met in the Tuskegee syphilis study?
Informed Consent
Protect participants from adverse consequences
Offering Inducements for Research Participation
Deception in Research
Debriefing