Radiation Basics
Ionization has occurred when:
What is an atom becomes positively charged resulting in an ion?
When speeding electrons slow down around the nucleus in the tungsten target, the energy produced is known as:
What is braking or Bremsstrahlung radiation?
The theory of the bisecting technique in dental radiography involves directing the central ray:
What is perpendicular to a line bisecting the angle formed by the image receptor and the long axis of the tooth?
The degree of overall blackness on a radiograph is termed:
What is density?
The purpose of filtering an x-ray beam is to:
What is remove low energy photons?
Which form of radiation has the greatest penetration power?
What is X-ray?
The milliamperage control switch directly influences the:
What is the quantity of x-rays produced?
The paralleling technique is also known as the:
What is the long cone technique?
Contrast in a finished radiograph is defined as the:
What is the degree of overall grayness of a film?
Protection from excessive exposure to radiation is aided by the use of:
What are aluminum filters and a lead diaphragm collimator?
When x-rays pass through matter, which interaction results in x-rays being scattered in all directions?
What is the Compton effect?
The penetrating ability of the beam of x-rays is primarily determined by the:
What is kilovoltage (kVp)?
The purpose of bitewing radiographs is to:
What is detect interproximal caries and monitor bone levels?
The term that best describes a fuzzy shadow around the outline of a radiograph is:
What is penumbra?
The minimum total aluminum filtration on a dental x-ray machine capable of operating at 70 kVp and above is:
What is 2.5 mm aluminum?
An x-ray photon is
What is a small bundle or packet of pure energy?
Electrical pressure that starts at zero volts and increases rapidly to a peak positive voltage, then decreases to a peak negative voltage and then back to zero again is called:
What is alternating current?
Which technique is most useful for locating impacted objects in the mandibular arch posterior to the third molars?
What is Miller’s technique?
The size and number of pixels that make up a digital image determine the:
What is spatial resolution?
For use in intraoral radiography, the diameter of the useful beam at the patient’s skin surface must be no greater than:
What is 2.75 inches?
The unit of measurement that expresses the ionizations produced by X or gamma radiation in air is:
What is Coulombs per kilogram (C/kg)?
At diagnostic levels, what percent of the electron energy is converted to x-ray radiation at the anode?
What is less than 1%?
The lateral jaw radiograph may be used to provide information about a patient’s dental needs when:
What is when the patient is uncooperative, periapical radiographs are not possible, or when information from a periapical radiograph is inadequate for a diagnosis?
A large focal spot permits:
What is poorer definition of a radiograph?
Less _______ in an image, the higher the resolution and the sharper the image.
What is pixels?