Solutions
The number of moles of solute per kilogram of solvent
What is molality?
According to Raoult's Law, adding a nonvolatile solute to a solvent causes the solvent's vapor pressure to ____?
What is decrease?
Colligative properties depend primarily on the ______ of dissolved particles, rather than the identity of those particles.
What is number?
This equation calculates Osmotic Pressure.
What is Π=iMRT?
In this reaction, heat is released.
What is exothermic?
The percentage by mass of NaCl in a solution that contains 10 g of NaCl and 90 g of water.
What is 10%?
This law states that the solubility of a gas in a liquid (its concentration) is directly proportional to the partial pressure of that gas above the liquid (at equilibrium).
What is Henry's Law?
When a nonvolatile solute is added to a solvent, the _____ point of the solvent will rise
What is the boiling point?
NaCl ideally produces approximately how many dissolved particles per formula unit?
What is 2?
This equation relates vapor pressure to temperature and enthalpy of vaporization.
What is the Clausius–Clapeyron equation?
You are given 25.0 g of glucose dissolved in 500 g of water. To calculate the freezing-point depression, you first need to convert the glucose mass into this quantity.
What are moles of glucose?
A solution contains 0.80 mol water and 0.20 mol sucrose. If pure water has a vapor pressure of 30 torr, this is the vapor pressure of the solution.
What is 24 torr?
Which solution would have the lowest freezing point?
What is 0.10 m CaCl₂?
During osmosis, solvent molecules move across a semipermeable membrane from _____ solute concentration to _____ solute concentration
What is lower solute concentration → higher solute concentration?
When the temperature of a liquid increases, its vapor pressure ______
What is increases?
A solution is prepared by dissolving 5.00 g of NaOH (40.0 g/mol) in enough water to make 250.0 mL of solution. What is the molarity of the NaOH solution?
0.5 M
A sealed bottle of soda has CO₂ dissolved in it. When the pressure above the liquid increases, the amount of CO₂ dissolved in the soda _______
What is increases?
A 0.20 m solution of a nonionizing solute is compared with a 0.10 m solution of Na2SO4. Assuming ideal behavior, which has the greater freezing-point depression?
What is Na2SO4?
The osmotic pressure of the solution equals the osmotic pressure inside the cell.
What is isotonic?
For an endothermic reaction, increasing the temperature causes equilibrium to shift _____
What is right/towards the products?
A solution contains 18.0 g of glucose (180 g/mol) dissolved in 200.0 g of water. What is the molality of the solution?
0.5 m
A solution contains 46.0 g of ethanol (46.0 g/mol) and 0.100 mol of a nonvolatile solute. The vapor pressure of pure ethanol is 100 mm Hg. What is the vapor pressure of the solution?
90.9 mmHg
The freezing point of a solution made by dissolving 18.0 g of glucose (180 g/mol, nonionizable) in 200 g of water.
(Kf = 1.86 C/m)
What is -0.93 degrees Celsius?
The cell shrivels up when place is a ____ solution.
What is hypertonic?
At equilibrium, the ____ of the forward and reverse reactions are equal.
What is rate?