Cartilages
The cartilage that houses the vocal folds
What is the thyroid cartilage?
This group of muscles originate inside the larynx with an attachment point outside the larynx
What are the Extrinsic laryngeal muscles?
The class of voice disorder related to a disruption of neural input to the larynx
What are Neurological voice disorders?
The anterior attachment point of the TVFs, located at the thyroid notch
What is the Anterior commissure?
Respiration, phonation, and resonance
What are the 3 vocal subsystems?
Paired cartilages that rotate 30 degrees to adduct and abduct the TVFs
What are the Arytenoids?
The posterior attachment point of the TVFs
What is the vocalic process of the arytenoids (also called the posterior commissure)?
Laryngeal abnormalities with no definitive cause such as chronic cough or vocal cord dysfunction
What are Idiopathic voice disorders?
Cyclical vibration of the true vocal folds as a result of flow vortices, intraglottal pressure gradients, subglottal pressure, and elastic recoil.
What are the 4 forces that help with phonation (open/ close phases of vibration)?
Primary motor nerve for the adductors and abductor; sensory of subglottal space and TVF mucosa, longest cranial nerve
What is the recurrent laryngeal nerve?
Paired cartilages that sit on top of the arytenoids and provide support for the aryepiglottic folds
What are the Corniculates and cuneiforms?
Vocalis and muscularis are the divisions of what intrinsic laryngeal muscle
What is the Thyroarytenoid muscle?
Voice disorders that result from misuse or poor coordination of the vocal subsystems
What are functional voice disorders?
The layers of the true vocal folds
What are the Epithelium, Superficial layer of the lamina propria, Intermediate layer of the lamina propria, deep layer of the lamina propria, vocalis
A neurological disorder that disrupts the flow of phonation very abruptly. This disruption can either be characterized by sudden tension/ compression/ spasm or by sudden breathiness
What is adductor and abductor spasmodic dysphonia?
Cartilage that forms in inferior rim of the larynx - has facets for the thyroid and arytenoid cartilages
What is the Cricoid cartilage?
Lateral cricoarytenoid, Transverse arytenoids, Oblique arytenoids
What are the Adductors?
Voice disorders that result from changes to the anatomy unrelated to vocal misuse
What are Organic voice disorders?
Layers of the true vocal folds can be described in terms of 3 layers (cover, vocal ligament, body) - identify the layers
Cover - epithelium and superficial layer of the lamina propria; Ligament - intermediate layer of the lamina propria + deep layer of the lamina propria; Body - vocalis
Thin, watery mucus makes phonation easier because it decreases what 3 things?
What are heat, friction, and resistance?
This is how the thyroid cartilage moves when the cricothyroid muscle is more engaged.
What moves forward and down on the cricoid cartilage?
These muscles work in opposition with each other to vary the pitch (1 results in a thickened vibratory edge that’s shorter and fatter; the other results in a tense vibratory edge that with thinner, more taut TVFs)
What are the Thyroarytenoid and Cricothyroid?
Neurological, organic, functional, idiopathic
What are the 4 Classes of voice disorders?
Vocalis and muscularis are the divisions of what intrinsic laryngeal muscle
What is the Thyroarytenoid muscle?
Given a constant volume of air or fluid, at a point of constriction there will be a decrease in air/liquid pressure perpendicular to the flow and an increase in velocity of the flow
The Bernoulli effect