Ed Psych
•Remembering.
•Comprehending.
•Synthesizing.
Evaluating.
Bloom’s taxonomy of cognitive skills
The pattern of biological, cognitive, and socioemotional changes that begins at conception and continues through the life span
Development
•An individual’s overall view of himself or herself.
Self-esteem
Problem-solving skills and the ability to adapt to and learn from experiences.
Intelligence
A symmetrical distribution
Normal Distribution
•Emphasized the importance of observing teaching and learning in classrooms for improving education.
•Recommended that lessons must be started just beyond a child’s level of knowledge and understanding to stretch the child’s mind.
William James
Increases the speed at which information travels through the nervous system
Myelination
•Schools encourage students to be involved in the community by becoming a tutor, helping the elderly, volunteering in hospitals or day care, etcetera.
Service learning
Person’s mental age divided by chronological age (CA), multiplied by 100
Intelligence Quotient (I Q)
Actions or mental representations that organize knowledge.
Schemas
•Viewed the child as an active learner.
•Emphasized the child’s adaptation to the environment.
•Pushed for a quality education for all children.
•Established the first major educational psychology lab in the U.S.
John Dewey
Child gains ability to represent mentally an object that is not present
Symbolic function
Name at least one strategy for helping children to cope with stress (4)
•Reassure children of their safety and security.
•Encourage children to talk.
•Protect from re-exposure to stress.
•Help children make sense of what happened.
Anxiety regarding whether one’s behavior might confirm a negative stereotype about one’s group.
Stereotype threat
Type of research used to solve a particular classroom or school problem.
Action Research
•Initiated an emphasis on assessment and measurement of learning.
•Promoted the idea that educational psychology must have a scientific base and that measurement should be a central focus.
E. L. Thorndike
Teacher adjusts the level of support as performance varies
Scaffolding
Baumrind’s Parenting Styles
Authoritarian
Authoritative
Neglectful
Indulgent
•Distinctive thoughts, emotions, and behaviors that characterize the way an individual adapts to the world.
Personality
The “Big Five” Personality Factors
OCEAN: The “Big Five” Personality Factors
Openness
Conscientiousness
Extraversion
Agreeableness
Neuroticism
Name various research methodologies
Descriptive Research.
Observations.
•Laboratory.
•Naturalistic observation.
Participant observation.
Interviews and questionnaires.
Standardized tests.
•Physiological Measures.
•Case Studies.
•Ethnographic Studies.
•Focus Groups.
Personal Journals and Diaries.
Correlational Research.
Experimental Research.
The Four Piagetian Stages of Cognitive Development
Sensorimotor
Preoperational
Concrete operational
Formal operational
Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Theory
Microsystem
Mesosystem
Exosystem
Macrosystem
Chronosystem
Gardner’s Eight Frames of Mind
•Verbal.
•Mathematical.
•Spatial.
•Bodily-kinesthetic.
•Musical.
•Intrapersonal.
•Interpersonal.
Naturalist.
Erik Erikson’s Eight Stages of Human Development
•Trust versus mistrust.
•Autonomy versus shame and doubt.
•Initiative versus guilt.
•Industry versus inferiority.
•Identity versus identity confusion.
•Intimacy versus isolation.
•Generativity versus stagnation.
•Integrity versus despair.