History of Psychology
The scientific study of behavior and mental processes is known as...
Psychology
Making reasoned judgments about claims is...
Thinking critically/critical thinking
An active system that receives information from the senses, organizes and alters that information as it stores it away, and then retrieves the information from storage
Memory
The mental activity that goes on in the brain when a person is processing information; includes organizing, understanding, and communicating information to others
Cognition/thinking
A system for combining symbols so that an unlimited number of meaningful statements can be made for the purpose of communicating with others
Language
Who established the field of psychoanalysis, forming the basis for modern therapies?
Sigmund Freud
In an experiment, this type of variable is being manipulated by the researcher/experimenter.
IV
Rehearsal technique involving repeating information to be remembered over and over in one’s head in order to maintain it
Maintenance Rehearsal
The tendency to search for evidence that fits one’s beliefs while ignoring any evidence that does not fit those beliefs
Confirmation bias
The aspects of language involving the practical ways of communicating with others, or the social niceties of language
Pragmatics
Known as the father of psychology, who established the first psychology laboratory in Leipzig, Germany in 1879?
Wilhelm Wundt
Type of study that involves watching people or animals behave in their natural environments
Naturalistic Observation
Memory system involving the visuospatial sketchpad, phonological loop, and central executive
Working Memory
Name two methods for stimulating creativity/creative thinking
Brainstorming
Keeping a Journal
Freewriting
Mind or Subject Mapping
The way adults and older children talk to infants and very young children, with higher-pitched, repetitious, sing-song speech patterns
Child-directed speech
In this case study by John Watson, a baby was taught to fear white rat through conditioning. What was the name of this baby/case study?
Little Albert
A disadvantage of this type of study is that they aren't typically applicable or generalizable to other people and populations
Case Study
Type of long-term memory including memory for skills, procedures, habits, and conditioned responses. These memories are not conscious, but their existence is implied because they affect conscious behavior.
Non-declarative/implicit memory
The awareness of and ability to manage one’s own emotions, as well as the ability to be self-motivated, to feel what others feel, and to be socially skilled
Viewed as a powerful influence on success in life
Emotional intelligence
Two part question:
1. The system of rules governing the structure and use of a language
2. The system of rules for combining words and phrases to form grammatically correct sentences
1. Grammar
2. Syntax
This early field of psychology sought to study only directly observable, measurable, overt behaviors.
Behaviorism
If I tell you daily exercise and development of cardiovascular disease share a -0.75 correlation, what does this mean? Think about:
- Direction of the relationship
- Strength of the relationship
Daily exercise and cardiovascular disease share a strong negative correlation, meaning as daily exercise increases, occurrence of disease decreases and vice versa
Two part question:
1. What retrieval method does a multiple choice exam rely on?
2. What retrieval method does an open response exam rely on?
1. Recognition
2. Recall
Two part question:
1. The tendency of a test/measurement to produce the same scores again and again each time it is given to the same people; consistency
2. The the degree to which a test/measurement actually measures what it’s supposed to measure; accuracy
1. Reliability
2. Validity
Name the 5 stages of language development in order
1. Cooing
2. Babbling
3. One-word speech
4. Telegraphic speech
5. Whole sentences