Metabolic Pathways
The first substrate in gylcolysis
What is Glucose?
Control the rates of all the metabolic reactions of the cell
What are enzymes?
3 base sequence in DNA that specifies each amino acid
What is a Codon?
This type of respiration uses only carbs
What is Anaerobic Respiration?
Adenine and Guanine
What are Pyrimidines?
The NET ATP of the breakdown of sugar
What is 2 ATP?
Larger molecules are synthesized from smaller ones; requires energy
What is Anabolism?
Holds an anticodon
What is tRNA?
This type of respiration occurs in the Mitochandria
What is Aerobic Respiration?
Are what join nitrogenous base pairs together
What are hydrogen bonds?
These are the products of glycolysis
What are 4 ATP, Pyruvate, and Lactate?
Larger molecules are broken down into smaller ones; releases energy
What is Catabolism?
Making copy of specific genes; happens in the nucleus
What is Transcription?
Acetyl- CoA is the essesntial substrate for this
What is the Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle)
A non-protein organic substance that is loosely attached to the enzyme "a small organic cofactor"
What is a coenzyme?
Irreversible destruction of enzymes
Ex: Heat, pH extremes, Chemicals, Electricity, Radiation, Posions
What is Enzyme Denaturation?
Monosaccharide + Monosaccharide -> Disaccharide + Water
What is dehydration synthesis?
Reading codons @ ribosomes; happens in cytoplasm
This type of respiration uses 3 nutrient classes
What is Aerobic Respiration?
Regulatory enzyme that controls the whole metabolic pathway; usually it is the first enzyme in series of reactions
What is a Rate-Limiting Enzyme?
Temporary intermediate formed when a substrate binds to an enzyme’s active site, allowing the enzyme to catalyze a chemical reaction.
What is an enzyme-substrate complex?
Disaccharide + Water -> Monosaccharide + Monosaccharide
What is hydrolysis?
UAC anticodon matched this codon
What is AUG?
The function of this is to add phosphate to ADP to form ATP. The product of this is 28 ATP.
What is the Electron Transport Chain (Oxidative Phosphorylation)
Energy transferred from cellular respiration used to reattach phosphate; energy is absorbed