Mental status exams
What does A, B, C, T, stand for?
Appearance, Behavior, Cognition and Thought Process.
Describe alert.
Awake, oriented, fully aware of internal and external stimuli.
What are the three types of Aphasia?
Broca, Global, and Wernicke.
What are the 7 categories of illicit drugs?
Marijuana, cocaine, heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, methamphetamine, and non-medical use of prescription drugs.
What does CIWA-Ar stand for and how is it used?
Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment for Alcohol, Revised.
Used in hospitals to manage progress of withdrawal. Quantitative measurement involves rating S/S and pharmacotherapy.
What is the GAD-7?
Generalized anxiety disorder scale.
Describe Lethargic
Not fully alert. Can be aroused when name is called. Loses train of thought.
Describe Broca Aphasia
Expressive. Person can understand language but CANNOT use language effectively. Lesion is in anterior language area called the motor speech cortex or the Broca area
List the effects of alcohol?
Hypertention, heart disease, stroke, heart failure, cardiomyopathy, atrial fibulation.
What does TWEAK stand for and which gender is this generally used on?
Tolerance, Worry, Eye-opener, Amnesia, Kut-down.
TWEAK is generally used to help identify high-risk drinking in women, especially pregnant people.
What is the PHQ-9? What does it help screen for?
Patient health questionnaire. Screening for depression.
Describe Obtunded
Sleeps most of the time. Difficult to arouse.. Needs loud shout or vigorous shakes.
Describe Global aphasia
Most common and severe. Spontaneous speech is absent/reduced. Comprehension is absent/reduced. often caused by a large lesion that damages most of combined anterior and posterior language areas.
What are some screening tools for alcohol?
AUDIT. AUDIT-C. CAGE
When should the SMAST-G questionnair be used?
For older adults who report social or regular drinking of ANY amount.
What is the Denver II screening test used for?
Designed to detect developmental delays in infants and preschoolers within 4 functions.
Describe delirium.
Clouding of consciousness. Inattentive. Impaired recent memory. Disoriented and confusion.
Describe Wernicke aphasia.
Receptive. The person can hear sounds and words but cannot relate them to previous experiences. Speech is fluent and effortless. Lesion is posterior language area called the association auditory cortex or Wernicke area.
In adolescence
What are some withdrawal/intoxication signs and symptoms form CNS depressants? (Alcohol, opioids, heroin, tranquilizers, benzos)
Intoxication: Incoordination, impaired judgement, decreased vital signs, decreased LOC, pinpoint pupils (opioids)
Withdrawal: Increased vitals signs, anxiety/agitation, headache, tremors. hallucinations, sever flu like sx.
What are the 4 functions of the Denver II screening test?
Gross motor, language, fine motor-adaptive, and personal-social skills.
Semi-Coma vs Coma
Coma: completely unconscious. No response to pain or any external stimuli. No motor response.
Semi-Coma: Spontaneously unconscious. Responds only to VIGOROUS and Persistent shake/pain.
Compare dysphonia to dysarthria.
Dysphonia: Disorder of the voice. Difficulty or discomfort in talking w/abnormal pitch or volume. Can sound Hoarse/whispered but articulation intact. Caused by laryngel disease.
Dysarthria: Disorder of articulation. Distorted speech sounds. May sound unintelligible. Basic language intact.
CNS Stimulants vs CNS Depressants.
Stimulants: Short term elevation of mood, alertness, energy levels, concentration.
Depressants: Slowed brain activity. Alcohol, heroin, inhalants, opioid pain relievers, sleeping pills, sedatives (benzos)
Intoxication: Dilated pupils, hyperactivity, restless, pacing, tremors, elevated mood.
Withdrawals: Fatigue and depression. Physical sx are not as obvious