Body Cavities & Systems
What is the purpose serous fluid?
To reduce friction
What are the different types of transportation?
Simple Diffusion, Facilitated Diffusion, Active transport, osmosis
What is selective permeability?
controlling what moves in and out a cell
The sternum is what to the heart?
Anterior
Name all the phases of cell division, including the steps of interphase
Interphase (G1, S, G2)
Mitosis (Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase)
Cytokinesis
Name all six levels of structural organization
atom, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism
What are the properties of water? What kind of solutes can it dissolve?
Water is polar! It dissolves polar solutes.
What is the difference between peripheral and integral proteins?
Peripheral: attached to the cell membrane surface
Integral: embedded into the cell membrane
The adrenal glands are what to the kidneys?
Superior
What is the difference between translation and transcription?
Transcription: Converts DNA into mRNA
Translation: Converts mRNA into Amino Acids
What's the name of the serous membrane that covers the abdominal walls and organs?
Peritoneum
Name the differences between Ionic and Covalent bonds
Ionic: Donate electrons, bond is between a metal and nonmetal
Covalent: atoms share electrons, bond is between two nonmetals
What organelle synthesizes proteins?
ribosomes
What is the difference between proximal and distal?
Proximal: closer to the trunk
Distal: farther from the trunk
What joins sister chromatids in a chromosone?
Centromere
Name the major organs of the cardiovascular system and its basic function
Heart, blood vessels. To transport blood/etc. around the body.
What are the monomers that make up proteins? What happens when a protein is exposed to acid or high levels of heat?
Amino Acids
Denaturization
What do Lysosomes do?
Eat cell debris or bacteria
If someone had a toe amputated, what kind of incision would the surgeon use?
Transverse incision
When does the cell DNA replicate itself?
The S phase
Name all 11 body systems
Cardiovascular, Respiratory, digestive, nervous, muscular, skeletal, endocrine, reproductive, urinary, lymphatic, integumentary
What is the Sodium Potassium Pump, and is it a uniport, symport, or antiport?
Na/K pump is a form of active transportation. It moves 3 Na out and 2 K inside a cell, so its an antiport
Explain the difference between isotonic, hypertonic, and hypotonic solutions
Isotonic: same
Hyper: Higher concentration outside cell, crenation
Hypo: lower concentration outside cell, lysis
Name and describe each piece of a negative feedback loop
Stimulus, receptor, control center, effector
What is the importance of G1 checkpoints and how does it relate to apoptosis?
Checks for cell size, DNA damages/mutations, and nutrient availability
Apoptosis: programmed cell death