What is the Central Nervous System and the Peripheral Nervous System?
100
Resting potential
What is -70mV?
100
Mass of unmyelinated nerve cell bodies and dendrites within CNS
What is a nucleus?
100
This lies above medulla. Reticular formation is found here. This functions in consciousness and arousal from sleep.
What is the pons?
100
-55mV
What is threshold?
200
The four different types of neuroglia in the CNS
What are astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia and ependyma?
200
Channels that are always open and allow materials to move across the membrane by diffusion
What are leakage channels?
200
These carry impulses for precise and voluntary skeletal muscles movements
What are pyramidal tracts?
200
These are masses of gray matter found deep inside the white matter of the interior cerebrum. Largest is the corpus striatum
What is the basal ganglia, aka cerebral nuclei?
200
The plexus that innervates the arm
What is the brachial plexus?
300
The clusters of rough endoplasmic reticulum that are found in the cell body of the neuron
What are nissl bodies?
300
Name the three major gated channels
What are mechanically gated, voltage-gated and ligand-gated channels?
300
This is the spinal cord covering that goes around the fascicles
What is perineurium?
300
Contains centers for cardiac, vasomotor and respiratory functions. Controls heartbeat, blood pressure, and respiration.
What is the medulla oblongata?
300
These neurons take signals to muscle or glandular cells
What are effectors?
400
Proteins that regulate normal growth and development of neurons
What are neurotropins?
400
Occurs only on myelinated fibers; action potential leaps from one node of Ranvier to the next
What is saltatory conduction?
400
This is segment of skin supplied by the dorsal roots of spinal nerves
What are dermatomes?
400
This interprets meaning of speech by recognizing spoken words
What is Wernicke's area?
400
This type of reflex contracts skeletal muscle
What are somatic reflexes?
500
The three major types of neurons; which ones are the most numerous?
What are multipolar, unipolar and bipolar? (multipolar is the most numerous)
500
Briefly describe the action potential process.
Resting potential (-70mV), summation of impulses leads to depolarization (sodium in, potassium out); once threshold (-55mV) is reached then action potential is induced; repolarization occurs to become more negative; hyperpolarization and then back to resting potential.
500
These consist of at least one sensory neruon, a synapse, an association neuron, another synapse, and a motor neuron
What are polysynaptic reflex arcs?
500
This area specializes in language functions. Also helps control skilled movements and gestures of the right hand.
What is the left hemisphere?
500
This functions in mechanical protection, chemical protection and participates in circulation in the brain