Nervous System
The two main divisions of the nervous system
What is the Central Nervous System and the Peripheral Nervous System?
What is the value for resting membrane potential?
-70mV
What is a mass of unmyelinated nerve cell bodies and dendrites within CNS
Nucleus
Which part of the brain lies above medulla? Reticular formation is found here. This functions in consciousness and arousal from sleep.
Pons
What is the voltage level for action potential threshold?
-55mV
The four different types of neuroglia in the CNS
What are astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia and ependyma?
Channels that are always open and allow materials to move across the membrane by diffusion
What are leakage channels?
These carry impulses for precise and voluntary skeletal muscles movements
Pyramidal tracts
What structure is a bundle of transverse white fibers that communicates between right and left hemispheres of the cerebrum?
Corpus Callosum
The plexus that innervates the arm
Brachial plexus
What are the chromatophilic substances arranged in the rough ER?
What are nissl bodies?
Name the three major gated channels
What are mechanically gated, voltage-gated and ligand-gated channels?
Which spinal cord covering goes around the fascicles?
Perineurium
Contains centers for cardiac, vasomotor and respiratory functions. Controls heartbeat, blood pressure, and respiration.
What is the medulla oblongata?
These neurons take signals to muscle or glandular cells
What are effectors?
What happens if the inhibitory effect is greater than the excitatory effect?
Hyperpolarization (no nerve impulse)
This happens when an action potential leaps from one node of Ranvier to the next
Saltatory conduction
This is segment of skin supplied by the dorsal roots of spinal nerves
Dermatomes
Which association area is responsible for posterior language?
Wernicke's area
What are the five functional components of a reflex arc?
Receptor, Sensory neuron, Motor neuron, Integrating center neuron, and effector
The three major types of neurons; which ones are the most numerous?
What are multipolar, unipolar and bipolar? (multipolar is the most numerous)
Briefly describe the action potential process.
Resting potential (-70mV), summation of impulses leads to depolarization (sodium in, potassium out); once threshold (-55mV) is reached then action potential is induced; repolarization occurs to become more negative; hyperpolarization and then back to resting potential.
These consist of at least one sensory neuron, a synapse, an association neuron, another synapse, and a motor neuron
Polysynaptic reflex arcs
This area specializes in language functions. Also helps control skilled movements and gestures of the right hand.
What is the left hemisphere?
This substance functions in mechanical protection, chemical protection and participates in circulation in the brain
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)