Exam 1 - Gen Bio I - Chs. 1-3

Ch. 1 - Intro

100

This variable is manipulated by the person who sets up the experiment.

Independent Variable

200

These variables remain the same between all groups

Control Variables

300

Three domains of life

bacteria, archaea, eukarya

400

Smallest unit that makes up life

Cell

500

A feature that differentiates prokaryotes from eukaryotes

nucleus, membrane-bound organelles

Chemical Bonds

100

The electrons in this shell interact to form chemical bonds

valence/outermost shell

200

This specific type of bond can be seen between TWO or more water molecules

Hydrogen bond

300

This type of bond holds a SINGLE water molecule together

Covalent bond

400

This describes how strong the attraction between two different atoms would be

electronegativity

500

Of the following - the one that isn't an ion:

H⁺
HCl
Cl^-

HCl

Vocabulary

100

This word for the reaction that breaks polymers into monomers has a root word meaning "to cut".

Hydrolysis

200

Amino groups (-NH₃), Carboxyl groups (-COOH), and phosphates (-PO₄) are examples of these that can bond with Carbon

Functional Groups

300

A protein has this structure when it is at its final folding level for a single polypeptide chain.

Tertiary Structure

400

Bond that holds together monosaccharides

Glycosidic

500

³²S is the basic version of sulfur. The version with more neutrons, denoted as ³⁵S, is known as this.

Isotope

Macromolecules

100

This type of reaction brings amino acids together to form a polypeptide.

Dehydration Synthesis

200

This polymer uses Adenine, guanine, uracil and cytosine.

RNA

300

These are the three parts of a nucleotide

Phosphate group, Pentose, Single/Double ring nitrogenous base

400

Olive oil is this type of fat as it has double bonds that give it a "kinked" appearance, molecularly speaking.

Unsaturated fatty acid

500

Chitin is a long-chain polymer of N-acteylglucosamine, a derivative of glucose - which macromolecule would you categorize it as.

Carbohydrate

Cell Chemistry

100

The atomic number of Magnesium is 12. This means it has this many electrons.

12

200

These limit major shifts in the amount of H⁺ and OH^- in solution

Buffers

300

The pH scale is based on the number of this type of ion in a solution.

Hydrogen ions (the more Hydrogen ions, the more acidic)

400

The 4 main elements that make up most living organisms

Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Nitrogen

500

Detergents help break up dirt particles by forming micelles around them. What is the name of this property that allows a micelle (or phospholipid bilayer) to form?

Amphipathic (hydrophilic head, hydrophobic tail)