Exam 1 - Gen Bio I - Chs. 1-5

Cell Transport

100

The movement of solutes down a concentration gradient through a semipermeable membrane is this kind of diffusion.

Simple Diffusion

200

This type of transport uses vesicles to bring large molecules into the cell

Endocytosis

300

You put a cell with a concentration of 5% NaCl into a beaker with a 25% NaCl solution. Is the solution in the beaker isotonic, hypotonic, or hypertonic to the cell? Which direction will water move?

Hypertonic, water moves out of the cell

400

One of the three factors that affect cell membrane fluidity

Phospholipid tail length, number of saturated vs. unsaturated fatty acid tails, presence/absence of cholesterol

500

True or False. Concentration gradients can be electrical, chemical, or electrochemical.

True

Cell Chemistry

100

If you look at the periods of a periodic table, they can tell you this piece of information. 

# of electron shells

200

This specific type of bond can be seen between the nitrogenous bases of DNA.

Hydrogen bond

300

The pH scale is based on the number of this type of ion in a solution.

Hydrogen ions (the more Hydrogen ions, the more acidic)

400

Detergents help break up dirt particles by forming micelles around them. What is the name of this property that allows a micelle (or phospholipid bilayer) to form?

Amphipathic (hydrophilic head, hydrophobic tail)

500

The atomic number of Magnesium is 12. This means it has this many electrons.

12

Vocabulary

100

This word for the reaction that breaks polymers into monomers has a root word meaning "to cut".

Hydrolysis

200

Amino groups (-NH₃), Carboxyl groups (-COOH), and sulfates (-SO₄) are examples of these that can bond with Carbon

Functional Groups

300

A protein has this structure when it is at its final folding level for a single polypeptide chain.

Tertiary Structure

400

The sum of all of the chemical reactions in an organism

Metabolism

500

There are so many different cell types because they have different these

Proteomes

Macromolecules

100

This type of reaction brings amino acids together to form a polypeptide.

Dehydration Synthesis

200

This polymer uses uracil and thymine.

RNA

300

These are the three parts of a nucleotide

Phosphate group, Pentose, Single/Double ring nitrogenous base

400

Olive oil is this type of fat as it has double bonds that give it a "kinked" appearance, molecularly speaking.

Unsaturated fatty acid

500

Chitin is a long-chain polymer of N-acteylglucosamine, a derivative of glucose - which macromolecule would you categorize it as.

Carbohydrate

The Cell

100

Prokaryotes have how many organelles?

Zero!

200

These two organelles are considered to be the semiautonomous organelles.

Mithochondria & Chloroplast

300

Which organelle contains hydrolases to help with hydrolysis of macromolecules?

Lysosomes

400

This is the name of the carbohydrate covering found in bacteria

Glycocalyx

500

We need calcium to run our motor proteins and have muscular contractions. Which organelle is responsible for calcium balance?

Smooth ER