Principles of Public Health-Week 1
What is public health?
Promotes and protects the health of people and the communities where they live, learn, work and play.
What are the three levels of prevention?
Primary, secondary, and tertiary
What is the type of correlation called when an increase in the independent variable is associated with an increase in the dependent variable?
Positive linear
What are the three major social determinants of health?
Socioeconomic status
Social environment
Physical environment/geography
What is considered the fourth social determinant of health?
Racism
Who is the father of epidemiology?
John Snow
Define epidemiology.
Distribution & determinants of health- related states or events in specified populations, and the application of this study to the control of health problems.
Describe a confounding variable
Variable that are correlated with both the dependent and independent variables in a study, making it difficult to determine the true relationship between the dependent and independent variable.
What are the three components that make up socioeconomic status?
Education
Income
Occupation
What is the difference between disparities and inequities?
Disparities-Differences in health outcomes, disease incidence or prevalence, and access to healthcare services between different groups of people.
Inequities-Unjust or avoidable differences in health outcomes that are considered to be unfair, unjust, and preventable.
Contagion control
What's the difference between incidence and prevalence?
Incidence refers to the number of new cases of a disease or health condition that occur in a population over a specified period of time.
Prevalence refers to the total number of cases of a disease or health condition that exist in a population at a given point in time or over a specified period of time.
What type of epidemiological design measures the predictor and outcome at the same period of time?
Cross-sectional
Name the five levels in the socioecological model.
Individual/intrapersonal
Interpersonal
Organizational
Community
Policy
What is ethnicity?
Social construct that places greater emphasis on
•Cultural and behavioral attitudes
•Beliefs
•Lifestyle patterns
•Diet
•Environmental living conditions
How did the Universal Declaration of Human Rights address the issue of health?
Everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for…health and well-being
What are the four components of population health?
Population
Health
Area of priority (vulnerable groups)
Society shared health concerns
Name one limitation of a longitudinal/prospective cohort design.
How would you define social determinants of health?
Conditions in the environments in which people are born, live, learn, work, play, worship, and age that affect a wide range of health, functioning, and quality-of-life outcomes and risks.
What is segregation?
Physical separation of the races in residential contexts
Describe the cliff analogy.
The focus of traditional healthcare is to provide medical care to those who have already fallen off the cliff, rather than addressing the root causes of the health crisis. Public health, on the other hand, aims to prevent people from falling off the cliff by addressing the social determinants of health
What is the difference between high risk vs at risk approach?
The "high risk" approach typically involves identifying a specific group or individuals who are already known to be at a high risk of a negative outcome. The "at risk" approach focuses on identifying a broader group of individuals who may be at risk of a negative outcome or danger, even if they have not yet experienced it
The typical threshold of the p-value for results to be considered “statistically significant” is
p<0.05
"You zip cope is a better predictor of health than your ____________."
Genetic code
Define the weathering hypothesis.
Marginalized group members are exposed to chronic social and economic adversities, beginning early in life, that lead to accelerated physical health decline in early adulthood