Blood
stem cell of all formed elements
hemocytoblast
hormone that regulates this process
erythropoietin
three steps of hemostasis
vascular spasm, platelet plug formation, coagulation
muscular layer of the heart
myocardium
the fight or flight response
sympathetic response
platelets are derived from what cell
megakaryocyte
stimulus of erythropoiesis
hypoxia
pathway stimulated by damage from outside of the blood vessel
extrinsic pathway
valves located between the ventricles and exiting arteries
semilunar valves (pulmonary and aortic)
type of hormone able to enter the target cell
lipid-soluble hormone (steroids)
type AB+ can receive from what blood types
all, it is the universal recipient
EPO is released from
kidneys
released after coagulation to allow for blood vessel repair
vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)
where does blood go after it leaves the right ventricle
pulmonary trunk
hormone that regulates the production of leukocytes
leukopoietins
largest and most abundant plasma protein
albumin
why is hematocrit higher in men
testosterone
describe the process of platelet plug formation
platelets stick to exposed collagen fibers from damaged vessel wall -> platelets release chemicals to stimulate more platelets to come to the site -> more platelets aggregate to wound site
two layers of the serous pericardium
visceral and parietal
the six blood cells arising from the myeloid stem cell line
neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes, erythrocytes, megakaryocytes (thrombocytes)
what are erythrocytes made of and what are the two components
hemoglobin: heme and globin
outline the steps of erythropoiesis
kidneys detect hypoxia -> kidneys release erythropoietin (EPO) -> EPO targets committed stem cell in bone marrow to increase rate of erythropoiesis -> RBC production and levels increase -> oxygen- carrying capacity increases -> homeostasis is achieved
outline the common pathway
factor X -> prothrombin activator converts prothrombin into thrombin -> thrombin converts fibrinogen into fibrin -> fibrin solidifies into the fibrin polymer and mixes with the platelet plug to form complete blood clot
circuit that carries oxygenated blood away from the heart and deoxygenated blood toward the heart
systemic circuit
primary cranial nerve that stimulates the parasympathetic nervous system
vagus nerve (CN X)