1: Science & the Study of Life
Correctly list the different levels of biological organization, from the smallest and simplest to the largest and most complex.
Cells-Tissues-Organs-Organ Systems-Organism
Define atomic mass
Average of atom mass units for all the isotopes of an atom.
Learned behavior that causes a family of baby ducks to follow their mother is called
imprinting
Who has more biotic potential: a mouse or a rhinoceros?
A Mouse! Biotic potential is the maximum population growth rate under ideal conditions. Mice produce more offspring more quickly than a rhino.
In regards to food source (make their own food or find it elsewhere) what are the four groups we categorize living things into?
Producer, Herbivore, Carnivore, Decomposer
All the banded sunfish (Enneacanthus obesus) in a pond would comprise a(n)
Population
Explain isotopes. Give an example of how isotopes can be used in the medical field.
Isotopes have the same number of protons but differ in atomic mass.
Putting a small amount of a radioactive isotope makes it act as a tracer that can detect molecular changes. Specific tracers can be used for imaging of certain organs.
The mating strategy in which a female mates with multiple males is
polyandry
Define carrying capacity
Largest number of organisms of a particular species that can be maintained indefinitely by a given environment.
In every energy transformation some energy is lost as _________
heat
1. The three domains of life are Eukarya, _________, and _________.
2. What are the four kingdoms of Eukaryotes?
1. Archaea, Bacteria
2. Plants, Animals, Protists, Fungi
What sort of reaction turns monomers into polymers? What sort of reaction degrades polymers into monomers?
Dehydration reaction
Hydrolysis reaction
Explain the Fixed Action Pattern of the male stickleback fish. What was the stimulus and what was the reaction?
In laboratory studies, the male stickleback would react aggressively to any model that had a red belly (exclusively male trait) by attacking them
What are the levels of ecological organization?
What is the difference between a population and a community?
Organism
Species
Population
Community
Ecosystem
A population is all the organism of the same species within a specific area. A community is all of the populations present in a specific area.
What would be at the bottom of an ecological pyramid? What would be at the top?
Producers at the bottom, top carnivores at the top.
Jeff wants to know what concentration of bleach would be most effective at killing
bacteria without overdoing it and using too much bleach. Jeff makes 3 solutions of
bleach in water, 1, 5, and 10% solutions. He then adds a specific number of bacteria to a
test tube of each solution and waits 3 minutes. He puts these bacterial on a petri plate
and later counts colonies to see how many bacteria survived. What are the independent and dependent variables?
Independent: bleach concentration
Dependent: number of bacteria that survived
Explain the octet rule. Include what molecule is exempt from the rule.
Atoms tend to form chemical bonds in a way that gives them eight electrons in their outermost electron shell (valence shell). Hydrogen is exempt from this role as its valence shell is satisfied by 2 electrons.
Explain the experiment with the coastal and inland garter snakes. What was the result of the experiment? Was the behavior genetic or not genetic?
Coastal garter snakes ate slugs and inland did not, eggs of both were hatched in a lab, coastal baby snakes flicked their tongues more at slug juice than inland snakes, the behavior is genetic and not learned.
Which counties (in terms of more developed or less developed) experience higher birth rates and which experience lower? Why might this be?
Less developed countries have higher birth rates because more people are living in poverty (less access to pregnancy prevention and education) while more developed countries have lower birth rates because people have a higher standard of living (more access to contraception and education)
Living organisms, dead organisms, and coal are considered a reservoir for what element?
carbon
Fully explain the antibiotic experiment from the textbook. Who was the control group? What was the hypothesis? Why is it important that the experiment is double-blind?
The experimental hypothesis was that Antibiotic B was more effective at treating ulcers than Antibiotic A. The participants of the study were divided into three equal groups. One group was given a placebo pill, making this group the control group. The examiner performing the endoscopy should not know the pill/group assigned to the participant they are examining because it could skew the results
A). Which type of bond formation is responsible for the properties of water?
B). There are six properties of water that occur because of these bonds. What are they?
A). Hydrogen
B). 1. High heat capacity (doesn't change temp easy)
2. High heat of vaporization (cooling through evaporation)
3. Can dissolve many molecules (solvent)
4. Cohesion (molecules cling to each other)
5. Adhesion (water can cling to other surfaces)
6. High Surface Tension (Liquid surface clings together when exposed to air)
A). A child has a genetic relatedness of ____________ to a parent?
B). Siblings who are not identical twins have a genetic relatedness of ____________?
C). A nephew has a genetic relatedness of ____________ to an uncle?
A). 1/2
B). 1/2
C). 1/4
Explain the three types of survivorship curves and make an example of a species that correlates to one of the curves.
Type I: Most individuals survive well past the midpoint and die at the end of their lifespan (humans)
Type II: Survivorship decreases at a constant rate throughout the animal's life (songbird)
Type III: Most individual's die young (oyster)
Define and explain an exchange pool
Location in a biogeochemical cycle (atmosphere, soil, or water) from which organisms generally take a specific chemical, rapidly exchanging between living organisms (biotic) and non-living components (abiotic) within an ecosystem, often contrasting with a larger, slower-moving "reservoir pool (fossil fuels, mineral in rock)"