1-2
the psychological triad is
the connection between someone's thoughts, feelings, and behaviors
Your responses to the personality test item “I am an intelligent person” would be ________ data, whereas your score on an intelligence test that reflects the number of problems you got right would be ________ data.
S,B
People who adjust their behavior to best fit the situation are called ________, and people whose behavior is guided by their personality are called ________.
High self monitors, low self monitors
Which scientist conducted the marshmallow test seen in class?
Mishel
________ data are the most frequently used basis for personality assessment.
S
Personality is an individual’s characteristic patterns of
Thoughts, feelings, emotions
A situationist would argue that .40 is a ___ correlation
weak
A variable that affects the relation between two other variables is known as a
moderator
What trait did the marshmallow test measure
Delayed Gratification
According to the textbook, there are no perfect ________ of personality, only ________.
indicators; clues
In order to examine the relationship between early life experiences and adult criminality, Dr. Robbins asks his research participants to fill out questionnaires describing their early lives. He then obtains copies of their arrest records from the county courthouse. The questionnaires used in Dr. Robbins’s study would be ________ data, whereas the arrest records would be ________ data.
S; L
Increasing the number of items on a test makes it a better instrument according to which principle?
aggregation
Expectancies are especially strong when held by ________ for a _______
more than one person, long period of time
true or false
Mishel found that certain traits observed at a very young age were good at predicting life outcomes
true
The Thematic Apperception Test and the Rorschach test elicit ________ data.
B
The phenomenological approach leads to which two directions of research?
humanistic and cross-cultural perspectives on personality
Name 3 ways that a person centered psychologist (as contrast to a situation centered psychologist in the person vs situation debate) would argue that peoples traits predict behavior at a higher level than .40, or at least point 3 flaws out in how this number was derived.
Poor methodology or cherry picking studies
we should measure natural b data and move out of the lab
we should use individual consistency as a moderator variable,
In a series of studies about intellectual expectancies, Rosenthal and Jacobson (1968) found that schoolchildren randomly identified as “bloomers” showed an average IQ increase of about 15 points by the end of the school year. These studies demonstrated
the power of expectancies.
Attractive females are expected to be warm and friendly, and those females who are considered to be attractive are treated in such a manner that they indeed respond in warm and friendly ways. According to Snyder, Tanke, and Berscheid (1977), this effect is a type of
self-fulfilling prophecy.
Personality psychologists who adhere to the ________ approach try to understand people by way of identifying, conceptualizing, and measuring the ways in which people differ psychologically from one another.
Trait
The unique mandate of personality psychologists is to attempt to
explain whole, functioning persons and real-life concerns.
Name 3 conditions that must hold for an S data personality test to accurately measure an attribute of personality?
The test taker must be able to make an accurate self-assessment.
All of the items must be valid indicators of the construct
The test taker must be willing to report the self-assessment accurately.
The items mean the same thing to the test taker and constructor
Explain the four categories rosenthal observed in the ways the teachers treated the students based on expectancies
input, output, feedback, climate, explained
What did the Leikas Experiment discussed in class show
that the contextualized individual will act consistently across situations
In observing human behavior, it is impossible to
understand everything about a person all at once.