Chapter 1
All living things have 5 characteristics.
What are cells, replication, information, energy, and evolution?
Basic Atomic Structure
What is protons, electrons, and neutrons?
The process of linking amino acids together to form proteins is known as this.
What is polymerization?
This type of nucleic acid contains ribose sugar and uracil instead of thymine.
What is RNA
This type of carbohydrate consists of only one sugar monomer.
What is a monosaccharide?
Because all cells come from preexisting cells
What is Cell Theory
Is the reverse reaction, which
breaks polymers apart by adding a water
molecule
What is hydrolysis?
When a protein loses its shape and function due to unfolding, it is called this.
What is denaturing?
The structure formed when RNA folds onto itself, creating base pairing within the same strand.
What is a hairpin loop?
The structural polysaccharide found in plant cell walls.
What is cellulose?
Louis Pasteur’s hypothesis:
What is
1. Cells arise from cells
2. Cells do not arise by spontaneous generation
_____ result when electrons are
transferred from one atom to another
to give both atoms full valence shells
What are ionic bonds?
The three major types of R-groups (side chains) that determine amino acid properties.
What are "charged (acidic and basic), uncharged polar, and nonpolar"?
The name of the twisted shape formed by double-stranded DNA due to hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonding.
What is a double helix?
The polysaccharide that provides structural support in fungi and arthropods.
What is chitin?
• DNA’s information is
transcribed into an RNA
copy
• The RNA copy is
translated to determine
what building blocks to
use to make a protein
What is the Central Dogma
____ are substances that acquire protons
during chemical rxns and lower the hydronium
ion concentration and have low proton concentration
What are bases?
The secondary structure of proteins is stabilized by these specific interactions between groups along the peptide-bonded backbone.
What is hydrogen bonding?
RNA World Hypothesis:
What is the hypothesis that suggests RNA was the first self-replicating molecule in early life forms?
The function of carbohydrates:
What is serve as precursors to larger molecules
such as nucleotides, Provide fibrous structural materials, Indicate cell identity, and Store chemical energy
1. Individuals must vary in
characteristics that are heritable—
can be passed on
2. In a particular environment, certain
versions of these heritable traits help
individuals reproduce more than
other versions (i.e., adaptations)
What is Natural Selection
Hydrogen bonds are
responsible for
water’s remarkable
properties
(hint: there's 4 properties)
what is
1. Adhesion &
Cohesion
2. Surface Tension
3. Denser as a liquid
than a solid
4. Absorb large
amounts of energy
Peptide bonds form a
“backbone” with
What is R-group orientation, directionality, and flexibility?
The bond that forms (with energy) between the 3' hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the 5' phosphate group of another.
What is a phosphodiester bond?
When a condensation reaction occurs forming a disaccharide, the covalent bond formed is called.
What is glycosidic linkage?