The Cell
The three components of Cytoskeleton and proteins associated with them.
•Microfilaments—thin filaments composed of the protein actin
•Intermediate filaments—mid-sized between microfilaments and microtubules (many proteins don't have to know specific)
•Microtubules—large, hollow tubes of tubulin proteins
All about Mitochondria
1) What is the structure of Mitochondria
2) What function does this structure allow for them to do?
1) Structure:
-Smooth outer membrane
-Inner membrane has numerous folds (cristae) to increase surface area
-Cristae surround fluid contents (matrix)
2) Take chemical energy from food (glucose) and produce the energy molecule ATP
1) Function of Lysosomes
2) Function of Peroxisomes
2) Function of Golgi Apparatus
1) Lysosomes:
-Powerful enzyme-containing vesicles produced by Golgi apparatus
-Function to destroy bacteria, break down molecules, and recycle damaged organelles
2) Peroxisomes:
-Break down organic compounds such as fatty acids
-Can produce and break down hydrogen peroxide
3) Modifies and packages secretions: such as hormones or enzymes, for release from cell
Adds or removes carbohydrates to or from proteins
Renews or modifies the plasma membrane
Packages special enzymes within vesicles (lysosomes) for use in the cytoplasm
All about Endoplasmic Reticulum
1) What is the structure? (hint: storage chambers)
2) What are the two types and how are they different?
3) What are the functions of ER? (hint: there are 4)
1) Contains storage chambers known as cisternae
2) Smooth ER- No attached ribosomes
Rough ER- Ribosomes attached
3) Functions:
Synthesis of proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids
Storage of synthesized molecules and materials
Transport of materials within the ER
Detoxification of drugs or toxins
This is a 3 part question about Plasma Membrane
1) Name the functions of plasma membrane (hint: there are 4).
2) The properties of plasma membrane structure.
3) List the extensions of the plasma membrane and their function.
1) Functions of the plasma membrane:
-Physical isolation (Barrier)
-Regulation of exchange with the environment (Ions and nutrients enter while wastes eliminated and cellular products released)
-Sensitivity to the environment (Extracellular fluid composition and chemical signals)
-Structural support (Anchors cells and tissues)
2) Phospholipid bilayer:
-Hydrophilic heads—face outward on both sides, toward watery environments
-Hydrophobic fatty-acid tails—inside membrane, barrier to ions and water-soluble compounds
Membrane proteins: Integral and Peripheral
3) Cilia (singular, cilium): Slender extensions of plasma membrane that move fluids across the cell surface
-A primary cilium is nonmotile and senses environmental stimuli
-Motile cilia are found on cells lining the respiratory and reproductive tracts
Microvilli: Increase surface area for absorption