Microbiology History, Importance, and Methods
This is evidence that supports the endosymbiotic theory.
Answers could include:
1. Mitochondria and chloroplast DNA is closely related to prokaryotic DNA.
2. Mitochondria and chloroplast reproduce independently of host cell.
3. Mitochondria and chloroplast ribosomes are similar to bacterial ribosomes.
4. Mitochondria and chloroplast reproduce through binary fission.
This can be used to describe a virus.
What is an acellular microbe made of proteins and containing DNA or RNA?
In a mixed culture, Gram positive cells will stain _______ while Gram negative cells will stain ________.
purple, pink/red
Glycogen breakdown is an example of _______.
What is catabolism?
These are considered the inputs of the electron transport chain (meaning - they provide the electrons to start the process).
What are NADH and FADH? From one molecule of glucose, there are 10 NADH and 2 FADH available to transfer electrons to the electron transport chain.
The ability of a lens to enlarge an object is _________.
What is magnification?
This group of microbes can range in size from microscopic yeast to macroscopic molds.
What are fungi?
The Gram stain is used to differentiate cells based on this __________.
What is cell wall composition? Specifically, the thickness of the peptidoglycan layer in the cell wall. Gram positive cells have a thick layer while Gram negative cells have a thinner layer.
A change in the structure and shape of a protein is known as ____________.
What is denaturation?
Aerobic respiration produces the most ATP through this method.
What is oxidative phosphorylation? This is as opposed to substrate phosphorylation which represents the ATP produced by glycolysis and the Krebs cycle. Oxidative phosphorylation includes the ATP produced from the electron transport chain using ATP synthase.
This microscope produces a bright image on a dark background and is particularly useful for viewing living organisms.
What is a darkfield microscope?
Archaea, Eukarya, and Bacteria are collectively referred to as this __________
What are the three domains of life?
In a culture of Gram positive and Gram negative cells, after the decolorizing step of the process, Gram negative cells will be ___________
Colorless
A competitive inhibitor of an enzyme will resemble the shape of ________.
What is the substrate of the enzyme? Competitive inhibitors compete for the active site of the enzyme, so they will resemble the substrate.
________ is formed from pyruvic acid (pyruvate) and enters the Krebs cycle.
What is acetyl-CoA?
Francesco Redi's famous experiment was done to refute the _____________ of maggots.
spontaneous generation
This drug target in the cell wall would be selective against bacterial cells but would leave animal cells unharmed.
What is peptidoglycan?
This is a consequence of mycolic acid in the cell wall.
What is the organism is able to resist dyes used in the Gram staining method?
Another correct answer is the organism is able to avoid phagocytosis.
Linking amino acids together to form a _______ is an example of _________.
protein, anabolism
Nitrate can be used as a terminal electron acceptor during __________.
What is anaerobic respiration?
This scientist is credited with evaluating a synthetic chemical for antibiotic purposes.
Who is Paul Ehrlich?
The ___________ are a group of eukaryotic, multicellular organisms often capable of pathogenesis.
What are helminths?
This is the movement of molecules across the membrane against their concentration gradient with the use of ATP.
What is active transport?
What is a polysaccharide? You could also say carbohydrate, but polysaccharide is a more complete answer.
An organisms that uses inorganic compounds is known as a(n)____________.
What is a lithotroph?