History
This document introduced the first social science “research” to potentially influence a Supreme Court decision.
What is the Brandeis Brief?
This is a rule or principle established by past legal decisions.
What is a legal precedent (or stare decisis)?
This is an example of this type of Miranda waiver: after being arrested, police advise you of your rights and then immediately start to question you, and you choose to answer.
What is an implicit waiver?
This is the 41st Division of the American Psychological Association (focused on the application of psychology to the legal system).
What is the American Psychology-Law Society?
Common third causes, errors in measurement, separating the effects of incapacitation versus deterrence, and questions regarding cause versus effect are all obstacles to measuring this concept’s efficacy.
What is deterrence?
Having no criminal justice experience, being a juvenile, and being innocent are three individual factors that research has shown increase one’s likelihood of making what legal decision.
What is waiving one’s Miranda rights?
According to Costanzo & Krauss (2015), this is the role an expert witness believes they are fulfilling when their testimony is shaped by personal values or a greater good.
What is a philosopher-advocate?
The cultures of psychology and law differ in the following ways.
What are their goals, methods, and styles of inquiry (roles)?
These are the two ways police avoid (versus negotiate) Miranda.
What are re-casting and implicit waivers?
Name and describe at least three of the five pathways psychologists can use to influence the legal system (as identified by Costanzo & Krauss, 2015).
What are expert testimony, cross-disciplinary training, amicus curiae briefs, broad dissemination, and legislatures/public policy?
Malum prohibitum and malum in se refer to these two broad types of laws.
What are laws that exist to prohibit an unwanted behavior versus laws that exist to prohibit crimes that are morally wrong?
These are two ways police negotiate (versus avoid) Miranda.
What are de-emphasizing and persuading?
These three books served as significant landmarks in the development of psychology and law for being the first to address the application of psychology to the law, for being co-authored by a social scientist and an attorney, and for advocating the application of therapeutic methods in forensic contexts.
What are On the Witness Stand, The American Jury, and The Crime of Punishment, respectively?
There is a trade-off between simulations and field research. Simulations tend to have greater ______, but field studies tend to have greater ______.
What is experimental control versus ecological validity (respectively)?
These are the components of a Miranda warning.
What are you have the right to remain silent; anything you say can and will be used against you in a court of law; you have the right to an attorney; and if you cannot afford an attorney, one will be provided for you?