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Ch 1-4
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100

Nutrition misinformation is often based on:

  • Clinical trials
  • Anecdotal evidence
  • Double blind studies
  • Epidemiological research

Anecdotal evidence

100

Why are foods highly personal? 

(need 4 examples and reasons) 

  • personal preference: taste, texture
  • habit 
  • ethnic heritage or tradition 
  • availability, convenience, and economy: home-cooked vs. fast food 
  • positive and negative associations 
  • emotions: boredom, stress 
  • values: religious beliefs 
  • body weight and image 
  • nutrition and health benefits 
100

what transporter for lipids is made in the liver then shrinks in the bloodstream as cells take up triglycerides? 

very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) 

100

_____ are considered a subgroup of both protein and vegetable food groups 

legumes

100

The complete breakdown of glucose yields _____ and carbon dioxide. 

Amino acids of proteins may be converted to glucose via _____. 

water 

gluconeogenesis 

200

Which of the following diets is most likely to be lacking in a vegan diet?

  • Fiber
  • Folate
  • Vitamin C
  • Vitamin B12

Vitamin B12

200

USDA Food Patterns: Recommended Daily Amounts 

Haven - 2000 kcal

Jaren - 2400 kcal

Haven: 

  • fruits - 2 c 
  • vegetables - 2.5 c
  • grains - 6 oz
  • protein foods - 5.5 oz
  • milk and milk products - 3c
  • oils - 6 tsp
  • limit on kcals available for other uses - 270 kcal 

Jaren: 

  • fruits - 2 c 
  • vegetables - 3 c
  • grains - 8 oz
  • protein foods - 6.5 oz
  • milk and milk products - 3 c
  • oils - 7 tsp 
  • limit on kcals available for other uses - 350 kcal 
200

what transporter of lipids is higher in cholesterol, lower in triglycerides, and taken up by cells after binding to receptors? (high levels of this lipoprotein have negative health implications) 

low-density lipoproteins (LDL) 

200

Fat-free milk as compared to whole milk is an example of a _____ - _____ choice. 

nutrient-dense

200

_____ are made from fat fragments when there is inadequate supply of carbohydrates. 

Carbohydrate needs to prevent _____ are 50-100 grams per day. 

When glucose is abundant and glycogen stores are full, the liver converts glucose to _____. 

ketones

ketosis 

fat 

300

Gastrin, secretin, and cholecystokinin are examples of:

  • Crypts
  • Enzymes
  • Hormones
  • Goblet cells

Hormones

300

Digestive secretions and their major actions 

  • salivary glands
  • gastric glands 
  • pancreas 
  • liver 
  • gallbladder 
  • intestinal glands
  • salivary glands - targets mouth, secretes saliva, salivary enzyme breaks down carbohydrate 
  • gastric glands - targets stomach, secretes gastric juice, enzymes break down and uncoil proteins
  • pancreas - targets small intestine, secretes pancreatic juice, enzymes break down carbohydrates, fats, and proteins 
  • liver - targets gallbladder, secretes bile, enzymes are stored until needed 
  • gallbladder - targets small intestine, secretes bile, enzymes break down fat emulsified by bile 
  • intestinal glands - targets small intestine, secretes intestinal juice, enzymes break down carbohydrates, fats, and protein fragments 
300
what transporter of lipids contains the highest amount of triglyceride and therefore are the least dense? 

chylomicrons

300

_____ kcalories may be supplied by any kind of food once a person's nutrient needs are met. 

discretionary

300

The ultimate goal of carbohydrate digestion is the _____ of glucose.

Carbohydrate digestion starts in the _____. The salivary enzyme _____ works to begin starch digestion. 

absorption

mouth; amylase 

400

Which of the following is most likely to aggravate heartburn?

  • Eat small meals
  • Drink liquids between meals
  • Eat slowly and chew thoroughly
  • Lie down to rest immediately after eating

Lie down to rest immediately after eating

400

what are some harmful affects of sugar?

  • obesity and chronic disease 
  • tooth decay: dental carries 
  • increased risk of chronic diseases 
  • nutrient deficiencies (empty calories, discretionary kcals)
400

what transporter of lipids carries cholesterol back to the liver for recycling or excretion? 

high-density lipoproteins (HDL) 

400

Glycogen and starch are examples of _____. 

polysaccharides 

400

_____ cells store fat after meals.

Lipoprotein lipase _____ triglycerides. 

adipose 

hydrolyzes 

500

Which of the following is true?

  • High-fructose corn syrup is chemically similar to sucrose.
  • Diets with a high glycemic index are most effective in fostering weight loss.
  • Energy intake from carbohydrates has remained stable over the past 40 years.
  • Some people have a physiological addiction to sugar that makes it impossible for them to moderate use.

High-fructose corn syrup is chemically similar to sucrose.

500

what are some benefits of fiber?

  • heart disease: soluble fibers, whole grains, legumes, vegetables help to lower blood lipids and blood pressure 
  • GI health: high-fiber foods and ample fluids aid in soft stools (squishy poopies for Jaren) 
  • weight management: high-fiber foods and whole grains aid in feeling full 
  • colon cancer: fiber helps dilute, bind, and remove cancer-causing agents from large intestine 
  • diabetes: high-fiber foods slow glucose absorption 
500

rank these from smallest to largest: 

  • chylomicrons
  • HDL (high density lipoproteins) 
  • LDL (low density lipoproteins) 
  • VLDL (very low density lipoproteins) 
  • chylomicrons
  • VLDL
  • LDL 
  • HDL 
500

Glycogen is the storage form of energy in _____. 

Starch is the storage form of energy in _____.

animals 

plants

500

Fat supplies __% of energy needs during rest. 

During times of energy deprivation, fat and lean _____ tissue are used for energy. 

60 

protein