Variables
Variable being affected by another variable
Dependent Variable
Levels of measurement that can be used to create a cumulative frequency distribution
Ordinal and Interval
The three measures of central tendency
Mean, Median, and Mode
Distance between the highest value of a variable and the lowest value of the variable
Range
Validity
Consistency of a measure
Best approach is to keep them short and not include spaces
Value of a variable where half of observations are below and half are above
Median
Most commonly used measure of dispersion
Standard Deviation
The two main types of descriptive statistics
Measures of Central Tendency and Dispersion
How we intend to measure the concepts involved in our research question
Operationalization
Occurs when aggregate-level phenomena or data are used to make inferences at the individual level
Ecological Fallacy
Measures of central tendency that can be used for an ordinal level variable
Mode and Median
Level of dispersion for a dataset characterized by roughly equal amounts of observations in each category
High Dispersion
Two
Level of measurement for age of survey respondents
Interval
Document that contains names, definitions, and numeric codes for each variable in a dataset
Codebook
Measure of central tendency that can result in "none", even when used with the appropriate level of measurement
Mode
Type of skew that creates a tail on the left end of a distribution
Negative Skew
Distribution with two peaks and a lower point in between
Bimodal Distribution
Entity being described or analyzed in a study; each row of the dataset
Unit of Analysis
Type of variable usually labeled with one of its two values
Binary Variable
Three main situations when measures of central tendency can be misleading
Bimodal Distribution, Extreme Values, and Skewed Data
The relationship between variance and standard deviation
Variance is Standard Deviation Squared
Type of measurement error that consistently mismeasures the characteristic being studied
Systematic Measurement Error