The Brain
Biochemicals that carry impulses from one neuron to another in the brain and in other parts of the nervous system are called
Neurotransmitters
What are "the four Ds" of abnormality?
Dysfunction, distress, deviance, and dangerousness
Which term refers to the accuracy of a test in assessing what it is supposed to measure?
Validity
________ was developed by Carl Rogers.
Client-centered therapy
Which of the following neurotransmitters plays an important role in regulating emotional well-being and aggressive impulses?
Serotonin
When the initial neuron releasing a neurotransmitter into the synapse reabsorbs some of the neurotransmitter and thereby decreases the amount of neurotransmitter left in the synapse, the process is called
reuptake
By 1960, as part of the patients' rights movement, patients' rights advocates argued that mental patients can recover more fully or live more satisfying lives if they are integrated into the community, rather than living in inpatient facilities, with the support of community-based treatment facilities—a process known as
deinstitutionalization
Which kind of interview is standardized and uses concrete criteria to score the person's answers?
Structured
The Id
works on the pleasure principle.
Which of the following is the most current edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)?
DSM-5
Dopamine plays an important role in:
regulating movement, and feelings or pleasure and reward.
As a result of deinstitutionalization, which of the following has become a significant provider of mental health services in parts of the United States?
Prisons
The variable that we believe will affect the dependent variable is known as the ________ variable.
independent
The psychodynamic perspective views abnormality as being influenced by:
unconscious processes.
When a patient experiences catharsis, it means that the person has:
experienced a release of emotions.
Neurotransmitters are released into the ________, the fluid filled space between two neurons.
synapse
The continuum model of abnormality demonstrates that:
no sharp line exists between what is normal and abnormal
A young girl has trichotillomania and pulls out her hair. Her therapist wants this behavior to stop, so places a wrist on the girl's arm to see if that will stop her from pulling her hair out. The hair pulling is reduced. The therapist wants to know if it truly was the weight that caused the reduction in hair pulling, so she takes the weight off, and the hair pulling resumes. She puts the weight back on, and the hair pulling is reduced again. This scenario illustrates which research technique?
an ABAB single case experimental design.
Shaping behaviors by providing rewards for desired responses and punishments for undesired responses is known as
operant conditioning.
In identical twin pairs, the probability that both twins will have a disorder if one twin has the disorder is called the
concordance rate.
Abnormality in eating, drinking, and sexual behavior is most likely a result of the dysfunction of the:
hypothalamus
Which of the following is true?
Etiology refers to the cause or causes of a disorder.
Comorbidity refers to the presence of two or more disorders in one person.
Trephination was used to release evil spirits and involved drilling holes into a person's skull.
All are true
Dr. Williams wants to know if room temperature influences students' performance on exams. She randomly determines which classes will receive the experimental conditions and then increases the temperature in those classrooms. Which of the following is the independent variable in this experiment?
Room temperature
Frank is in a relationship and is attracted to a girl in his class. He decides that he should not act on this attraction because it would be wrong, even though part of him would like to. This is an example of his ____________ at work.
superego
Ashley's significant other has been drinking a lot and he has agreed to cut down. Last night, he drank too much, drove, and got arrested for DUI. Ashley said to herself, "Well, he had a stressful day and had a few drinks to help calm his nerves. This isn't such a big deal." Which defense mechanism does this scenario illustrate?
rationalization