Bonds
Proteins
Carbohydrates
DNA/RNA
Miscellaneous
100
Give a basic definition of the two types of covalent bonds.
Nonpolar: bond in which electrons are shared equally between two atoms.
Polar: bond in which electrons are shared unequally between two atoms
100
What is the subunit of proteins?
Amino Acids
100
What is the general function of carbohydrates?
Act as an energy source for the body
100
What is the structure of DNA
double helix
100
Oxygen has two unpaired valence electrons, how many covalent bonds can oxygen make?
2 bonds
200
Why is carbon so versatile in organic compounds?
It can form 4 bonds, because it has 4 unpaired electrons
200
What are the two sub categories of secondary protein structure
Alpha helix and Beta pleated sheet
200
In a 1,4 beta glycosidic linkage, what does the 1,4 refer to?
The particular carbons in a sugar on the carbon ring that form the bond
200
To which end a strand of DNA/RNA do new nucleotides add?
new nucleotides add to the 3' end
200
Which type of covalent bonds have the most potential energy?
Nonpolar covalent
300
What type of bond holds together the amino acids of protein?
Peptide bonds
300
What are the four main parts of amino acids?
Amino group, Carboxyl group, Hydrogen atom, and R-group
300
What is the difference between aldose and ketose carbonyls?
Aldose carbonyls have the c=o bond at a primary carbon/a carbon bonded only to one other carbon.
ketose carbonyls have the c=o bond at a secondary carbon/ a carbon bonded to two other carbons
300
If a double strand of DNA is 12% G what is the % of A?
38%
300
What is a glycoprotein?
any protein that has a carbohydrate group attached to it
400
Define electronegativity
electronegativity is the tendency of an atom to attract shared electrons in a bond
400
Which level of protein structure is characterized by multiple subunits of polypeptides and is held together by hydrogen bonds, an example is Insulin
Quaternary protein structure
400
What give structural polysaccharides their strength?
Beta linkages which allow strands of the saccharides to lay parallel
400
What would be the complimentary strand of DNA?
5' GGATCACTT 3'
3' CCTAGTGAA 5'
400
What is a dehydration synthesis?
A synthesis that releases a water molecule in the process of forming a larger molecule from smaller components
500
What is the name of the bond that stabilizes the structures of protein & DNA and gives water its critical properties?
Hydrogen Bonds
500
What are the functions of protein?
transport, defense, structure, storage, digestion, movement
500
Why do fat molecules store more potential energy than carbohydrate molecules?
Because fat molecules have more H-C bonds than carbohydrates
500
What is the name of the bond that connects the 3' carbon of one sugar molecule to the 5' of another sugar molecule in DNA
Phosphodiester Bond
500
Which of the following amino acids/r-groups are hydrophilic?
Aspartate, serine, cysteine