VESPR and Hybridization
Molecular structure and Polarity
IMFs
Liquids and Solids
Solutions
100
Ammonia has a ------------- molecular geometry and ---------- hybridization on the N.
Trigonal pyramidal molecular geometry
sp3 hybridization
100
Electronegativity is ..............
The most electronegative atom is?
describes the tendency of an atom to attract electrons to itself
F
100
Hydrogen Bonds require ................
an H bonded to a O, N, F and an electronegative atom (O, N, F)
100
What is the difference between adhesion and cohesion?
cohesion = attraction between LIKE molecules
adhesion = attraction between different molecules
100
Define solvent and solute.
solvent = component of the solution in greater concentration
solute = component of solution in smaller concentration
200
Which molecule has the largest dipole moment?
HI, HCl, HF, HBr?
Draw the dipole moment
200
Draw the Lewis Structure for HCN
200
What 2 properties affect the strength of van der Waals forces?
polarizability of atoms and shape / branching of molecules
200
What phase changes are EXOthermic and will release energy?
condensation, deposition, freezing
200
Define electrolytes. What does strong and weak electrolytes mean?
electrolytes = dissociates into ions in water
strong = complete dissociation
weak = partial dissociation
300
TeCl4 has------------ molecular geometry.
Seesaw (5 electron regions with 1 lone pair)
300
Draw the Lewis structure for PO3 -3
300
how do IMFs affect boiling point and vapor pressure?
BP = stronger IMFs increase the boiling point
VP = stronger IMFs decrease the boiling point
300
What is the triple point?
point on a phase diagram where all three states of matter are in equilibrium
300
Describe the differences between saturated, unsaturated, and supersaturated.
unsaturated = solute's concentration is less than solubility
saturated = max [solute]; equal to the solubility
supersaturated = [solute] exceeds solubility
400
What is the molecular and electron geometry of water? What is the bond angle of H2O?
Molecular = bent; electron = tetrahedral
less than 109.5 degrees
400
Draw the Lewis structure for CO2
400
Rank these molecules in order of boiling point (lowest > highest)
CH3CH2OH, CH4, CH3Cl
CH4 > CH3Cl > CH3CH2OH
400
Why are there portions of the heating curve with a slope of 0?
all of one phase must be converted to the other phase before the substance can start increasing in temperature
400
What is the most important rule to remember regarding solubility? (three words)
Like dissolves like
500
Can a nonpolar molecule have bond moments? Why or why not?
Yes, the molecule can be nonpolar and have bond moments if the bond moments cancel out (net zero dipole moment)
500
How many sigma and pi bonds?
6 sigma
3 pi
500
What IMFs do CH3CH2OCH3 and CH3CH2OH share?
LDFs and dipole-dipole
500
What 2 equations can be used to solve questions that involve increasing temperature and phase changes?
q = mcAT
q = mol * H (kJ/mol)
500
Which combinations can make a solution?
CCl4, HF, H2SO4, CH3(CH2)12CH3
HF > H2SO4
CCl4 > CH3(CH2)12CH3