Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal gland axis
Which of the following is not a reason for why one might have elevated cortisol?
A) There’s no negative feedback
B) Hypothalamus is overactive
C) Low heart rate
D) Hippocampus is not sensitive to the existing levels of cortisol
E) Experiencing allostatic load
C) Low heart rate
Which of the following profiles tends to be related to poor outcomes following stress?
A) Reciprocal sympathetic dominance
B) Reciprocal parasympathetic dominance
C) Coactivation
D) Coinhibition
E) A and B
F) C and D
F) C and D
Which of the following is not true
A) Sickness behavior is thought to help fight infection
B) Adaptive immune system quickly responds when sick
C) Reduced activity leads to reduced energy expenditure when sick
D) Immobilization while sick can reduce predator threat
E) Social withdrawal helps prevent spread of infection
B) Adaptive immune system quickly responds when sick
Which of the following is a clinical endpoint?
A) Liver disease
B) Cortisol levels
C) rapid heart rate
D) Loneliness
E) End of a clinical trial
A) Liver disease
+200 points
What health model is primarily used in this class?
A) Medical model
B) Spiritual model
C) Biopsychosocial model
D) Neurological model
E) None of the above
C) Biopsychosocial model
Which of the following cannot be used to measure cortisol responses to acute stress such as the TSST?
A) Hair
B) Blood
C) Saliva
D) Urine
E) Both B and C
F) Both A and D
F) Both A and D
A researcher wants to measure PNS activity of participants after having them run. What are they looking at?
A) Heart rate
B) Breathing pattern
C) Heart rate variability
D) Saliva
E) Cortisol
C) Heart rate variability
Adaptive immune system ____.
A) Establishes site of infection
B) Triggers innate system to kick in
C) Works quickly
D) Relies on memory and recognition
E) Causes inflammaging
D) Relies on memory and recognition
What are the three stages of general adaptation syndrome in order?
A) Immobilization, Fight-of-Flight, Social Engagement
B) Social Engagement, Fight-of-Flight, Immobilization
C) Alarm, Exhaustion, Resistance
D) Alarm, Resistance, Exhaustion
E) Exhaustion, Alarm, Resistance
D) Alarm, Resistance, Exhaustion
steal 200 pts from any team!
Matt feels overwhelmed and stressed. He decides to start humming. What could this be doing?
A) Lead to a positive spiral
B) Decreasing hypertension
C) Improving PNS activity by regulating his breathing
D) Improving SNS activity by regulating his breathing
E) Nothing
C) Improving PNS activity by regulating his breathing
Negative feedback functions properly except in people who
A) Are experiencing acute stress
B) Have a stress-free life
C) Have a steep diurnal slope
D) Are experiencing allostatic load
E) It always functions properly
D) Are experiencing allostatic load
In what population might greater reactivity of the autonomic nervous system be seen as a good thing?
A) Children
B) Infants
C) Women
D) Men
E) Adults in general
A) Children
Macrophages are part of the ___ and B cells and T cells are part of the ___.
A) Parasympathetic nervous system; sympathetic nervous system
B) Sympathetic nervous system; parasympathetic nervous system
C) Innate immune system; adaptive immune system
D) Adaptive immune system; innate immune system
E) Inflammation; inflammaging
F) Inflammaging; inflammation
C) Innate immune system; adaptive immune system
What does stress mean?
A) Having no well-being
B) Feeling overwhelmed
C) Having high cortisol
D) Having high heart rate
E) One's demands exceed available resources
E) One's demands exceed available resources
--Opportunity to steal question from team after they fail to answer correctly--
The following statements are about how the HPA axis responds to acute stress. Which is false?
A) Cortisol increases following stress to mobilize biological resources
B) It can have slow long-lasting effects
C) Cortisol moves throughout the body to most tissues
D) It shuts off after high level of cortisol is reached
E) Cortisol cannot cross the blood-brain barrier
E) Cortisol cannot cross the blood-brain barrier
Which of the following is true about glucocorticoid receptor sensitivity
A) Cortisol attaches to a receptor and then it directly causes changes in the cell
B) All receptors are always sensitive to cortisol
C) Receptors are never sensitive to cortisol
D) If glucocorticoid receptors aren’t sensitive signal can’t get through to activate the negative feedback loop
E) Both A and B
D) If glucocorticoid receptors aren’t sensitive signal can’t get through to activate the negative feedback loop
What does Polyvagal Theory propose?
A) The idea that we cannot evolve past having one response to threat
B) The idea that we have naturally evolved to go through three developmental stages of response
C) The idea that the vagus nerve maintains a state of balance among organs
D) The idea that only animals can experience immobilization
E) The idea that only people can experience immobilization
B) The idea that we have naturally evolved to go through three developmental stages of response
A researcher wants to measure immune system activity. Which of the following should she not use to measure this?
A) Cell count
B) C-reactive protein
C) Cytokines
D) Transcription factors
E) Body temperature
E) Body temperature
People who experience chronic stressors such as discrimination are likely to
A) Have low blood pressure
B) Manage stress well
C) Have higher levels of inflammation
D) Have lower levels of inflammation
E) Feel immobilized
C) Have higher levels of inflammation
+200
What is the role of CRH in the hypothalamus?
A) It acts as a neurotransmitter that activates other brain regions
B) It can cross the blood-brain barrier
C) It links the central nervous system to the endocrine system
D) It helps people calm down
E) It causes people to feel stressed
A) It acts as a neurotransmitter that activates other brain regions
What is the process after cortisol reaches the cortisol receptor?
A) Cortisol moves into the nucleus and acts as a transcription factor
B) Cortisol activates the receptor and then the receptor moves into the nucleus and acts as transcription factor
C) Cortisol turns genes on and off
D) The cortisol receptor turns off
E) The cortisol receptor turns on
B) Cortisol touches the receptor and then the receptor moves into the nucleus and acts as transcription factor
Which of the following about hypertension is false?
A) Hypertension is the same as high blood pressure
B) Immune system response fixes the problem by clearing out blockage
C) It can lead to atherosclerosis
D) It can lead to a heart attack
E) Plaque buildup can rupture and cause greater risk
B) Immune system response fixes the problem by clearing out blockage
The immune system ___
A) Responds to social and physical pain in a similar way
B) Responds to social and physical pain in different ways
C) Does not respond to social pain but does respond to physical pain
D) Does not respond to physical pain but responds to social pain
E) Is good a differentiation between historical and contemporary threats
A) Responds to social and physical pain in a similar way
A person is experiencing financial stress everyday on top of other stressors. They are increasingly becoming short tempered with their friends and these friends are no longer available to listen to their problems. What is this person experiencing?
A) Positive coping skills
B) Problem-focused coping coping skills
C) Higher capacity reserved
D) Lower capacity reserved
E) Both A and B
D) Lower capacity reserved
steal 200 pts from another team!
Why is sick sad dog important to behavioral scientists?
A) It tells us when a pet is sick
B) It tells us about dogs who experience loneliness
C) It’s a method of figuring out who has depression
D) The symptoms look similar to those seen in depression
E) The symptoms look similar to those seen in loneliness
D) The symptoms look similar to those seen in depression