Review
Leitner Box Method
Grouping flashcards based on the ability to answer them
What did Carol Dweck do?
She coined the term “growth mindset”
Retrieval Practice
actively recalling knowledge from memory rather than passively reviewing material
What are synopses?
Extra 50 points- When and where are they formed?
connections between brain cells called neurons
When- before age 2
Where- Hippocampus
What is the Generation Effect?
Generating your own answers to show that we retain knowledge more this way rather than when we study with multiple choice questions
Spaced Practice
spacing out study sessions and revisiting topics periodically
What do the authors think about forgetting?
When you practice retrieval after forgetting information, you challenge yourself to remember that information. This exposes weaknesses and gives you a chance to enhance those memories.
Calibration
aligning your self-perceived understanding with objective reality
What does it mean when the brain has neuroplasticity?
The brain’s ability to grow and change over time- created through dedicated practice and corrective feedback
What is the Spacing Effect?
Learning is more effective when events are spread out
Elaboration
elaborate on a topic, how it connects to other material, and How you would put it in your own words
How do the authors feel about learning styles?
Extra 50 Points- How are learning styles developed?
There are no studies that support studying based on learning styles.
Learning is developed over time and through experiences.
System 2 Thinking
Thinking is controlled, conscious, deliberate, and slow
What is visual-spatial intelligence?
The ability to perceive and analyze, visual information, and to use that to visualize and manipulate objects and space
What is the effect of having a fixed mindset?
You will not learn from your mistakes, your learning will never improve because you are convinced that only one method works
Metacognition
Awareness of one's own thought process
(thinking about thinking)
What do the authors feel is the goal of the learning journey?
Embracing difficulty and creating a growth mindset
Memory Palace
Associating information with familiar locations
What is the role of the Basil Ganglia?
Extra 100 points- What two concepts are also fufilled by the Basil Ganglia?
Transforms conscious actions into automatic responses
1. Habit formation
2. Chunking
What is the Dunning Kruger Effect?
When people overestimate how well they know something
Essence of Intelligence
The ability to understand complex problems
What is the relationship between the different types of intelligence?
They work together to foster success
Dynamic Testing
Extra 100 points if you can name an example
Ongoing process of assessing using different methods
ex- Tests that feature more than one type of assessment- multiple choice, true/false, short answer
What is the Human Connectome Project?
Mapping the brain to acquire and share data about it's structural and functional connectivity
What are the effects of teachers praising intelligence rather than hard work?
Students will continue to choose easier tasks that validate their abilities rather than embrace challenges and seek growth