Chapter 19: Origin of life
The study of life's origin and distribution in the universe is ___________.
Astrobiology
Microscopist __________ discovered bacteria in 1683. He is reffered to as "The father of Microbiology"
Van Leeuwenhoek
Which protists causes malaria ?
a. plasma membrane
b. amebiasis
c.plasmodium
d. colitis
C. Plasmodium
A virus that infects bacteria or Archaeans are called ?_____________
a. Adenovirus
b. Bacteriophages
c.Mosaic Virus
d. Enveloped Viruses
B. Bacteriophages
____ are amoebas that grow on rotting wood or any other decaying surgace/
Slime molds
The ______ curiosity rover found water frozen in the soil, which helps provide evidence that there may be possibility of life elsewhere in the universe.
Mars
True:
A lysogenic pathway: a virus enters a "latent" state meaning that it stays hidden and remains still. The host will replicate viral genes and pass them on to descendants.
True or False: Amoebas have a defined shape, limiting their mobility.
False: Amoebas have no defined shape, and the can move about freely.
What are the three most common shapes of bacteria and archaea ?
a. Round, corkscrew, stretchy and flexible
b. Rod, sphere, and spiral
c. Sphere, rounded edges, uneven length and width
d. Spiral, compressed , and coiled
B. Rod, sphere, and spiral
During the precambrian era "early earth" what were conditions like on Earth?
a. "hell-like" frequent tsunamis,unexplainable temperature changes, foggy
b. Pitch black sky, cold temperatures, foggy atmosphere
c. Volcanic eruptions, tsunamis, unpredictable temperatures
d. "hell-like", frequent volcanic eruptions, asteriods, comets and meteorite explosions
D. "hell-like", frequent volcanic eruptions, asteriods, comets and meteorite explosions
What does LUCA stand for ?
Last universal common ancestor
Where is the largest amount of microbiota in the human body found ?
Gastrointestinal Tract (GI tract)
Which of the following is an example of a multi-cellular protist?
a. Virus
b. Euglena
c. Kelp
d. Sea sponge
c. kelp
___________ are living things that are too small to be seen with the naked eye. These organisms require classification and to be studied under a microscope. (bacteria, archaea, and single-celled eukaryotes )
Microbes
Prokaryotic cells lack a ____________.
Nucleus
The endosymbiont hypothesis states that _________ and ___________ evolved from bacteria
Mitochondria and Chloroplast
What is the difference between a epidemic and a pandemic?
Epidemic: virus outbreak within a limited region
Pandemic: virus outbreak that has reached worldwide
______ are special because they photosynthesize. Tehy take in carbon dioxide and release oxygen into the atmosphere so that other organisms can survive.
Euglena
Which of the following choices consists of protein subunits that assemble in a repeating pattern, helping some pathogenic bacteria evade immune defenses?
a. Covid
b. Caspid
c. Casper
d. Plasma Membrane
B. Caspid
Which of the following describes the variation of human microbiota amongst different populations?
a. The use of antibiotics
b. Sanitation practices
c. Hygiene tactics
d. All of the above
d. All of the above
Describe ONE challenge scientists have with evidence of early life?
1. Few ancient rocks could hold any fossils still exists today
2. Cells have no hard parts to fossilize
3. Structures formed by nonbiological mechanisms resemble fossils
4. Tectonic plates destroyed majority of rocks around 4 billion years ago
Bacteria and Archaea replicate by ____________ ___________: a type of asexual reproduction where a parent cell divides, resulting in two identical cells, each having potential to grow to the size of the original cell.
Binary Fission
Protists carry out what percent of the world's photosynthesis ?
a. 20-30%
b. 85-90%
c.70-80%
d. 10-15 %
c. 70-80%
Put the viral replication steps in order :
- Penetration
-Attachment
-Replication & Synthesis
-Release
-Assembly
1. Attachment
2. Penetration
3. Replication and Synthesis
4. Assembly
5. Release
Give an example of an enveloped virus?
HIV/Aids, Herpes