Sensation/Proprioception
The area innervated by each spinal nerve is called?
Dermatome
Which A(DELTA) fibers respond to dangerously intense mechanical and chemical stimulation and have high heat thresholds?
Type 1 A(DELTA) Fiber
What is the muscle that controls the size of the pupil?
Iris
Which ossicles will vibrate in response to the tympanic membrane to amplify mechanical pressure?
Stapes
The patient presents with a lumbar spinal cord lesion at L4, and a basic neurological examination was performed. Results indicate that the patient has impaired pain sensation in the right foot and impaired proprioception in the left foot. Which side of the spinal cord is lesioned?
Left
The patient presents with an inability to detect sharp edges and certain textures of objects. Which mechanoreceptor is lesioned?
Merkel Cell
C fibers terminate in which layer of the spinal cord?
Laminae I and II
Abnormal blood vessel growth under the macula that leaks fluid and blood into the retina, causing photoreceptor damage
Wet Form of Macula Degeneration
The MSO (medial superior olive) detects?
Basal End
To accommodate objects far away, the lens must be flat. To make the lens flat, the ciliary muscle must be?
Relaxed
Rapid changes in muscle length, including the detection of changes in velocity and direction of movement, are responded to by which afferent fiber?
Group 1A (Primary Ending)
Where does the 1st order neuron carrying pain sensation from the body synapse?
Dorsal Horn of the Spinal Cord
Which retina(s) will receive information from left visual field?
Left Nasal and Right Temporal
Left rotation of the head will activate which vestibular nerve?
Left Vestibular Nerve
Illuminating the center of the cone will activate on-center bipolar cells. This is due to?
Reduced Inhibition
Central Dorsal Trigememinal Tract Pathway (Tactile Facial)
Receptors, Cranial Nerve 5, Trigeminal Complex (Principle Of), Decussation, VPM, Primary Somatosensory Cortex
Central Anterolateral Pathway
Receptors, Dorsal Horn of SC., Decussation, VPL, Primary Somato Sensory Cortex
Central Visual Pathway
Retinas, Optic Nerve, Optic Chiasm (Nasal Decussation), Optic Tract, LGN, Optic Radiations (Baum's and Meyers), Visual Cortex
Central Auditory Pathway
Cochlea, Cranial Nerve 8, Cochlear Nucleus, Superior Olivary Nucleus, Inferior Colliculus, MGN, Auditory Cortex
When rotating the head to the right, name the muscles that contract/relax and the excitatory/inhibitory nuclei.
Left Lateral Rectus, Right Medial Rectus Contraction
Right Lateral Rectus, Left Medial Rectus Relaxation
Left Abducens, Right Oculomotor Nuclei Excitation
Right Abducens, Left Oculomotor Nuclei Inhibition
Central Dorsal Column Medial Lemniscus Pathway (Tactile/Propripception Body)
Receptors, Dorsal Root Ganglion, Dorsal Colum Nuclei (Gracilis and Cuneatus), Decussation, VPL, Primary Somatosensory Cortex
Central Visceral Pain Pathway
Receptors, Dorsal Root Ganglion, Gracilis Nucleus, VPL, Insula Cortex
Pupillary Light Reflex Pathway
Optic Nerve, Pretecum (Prectal Nucleus), Edinger-Westphal Nucleus (Preganlionic, Bilateral), Oculomotor Nerve, Ciliary Ganglion, Ciliary Muscle
Central Vestibular Pathway
Labyrinth, Scarpa Ganglion, Vestibular Nuclei, Ventral Posterior Nucleus, Vestibular Cortex
Mechanism of Dark Current Inhibition
Light activates Rhodhopsin
Rhodhopsin activates an enzyme
Activated enzyme reduces the concentration of cGMP to GMP
Gated channel closes, hyperpolarization