Chapter 1
Defined as a hypothesis that has been repeatedly tested and not yet falsified
scientific theory
What are the charges of a proton, neutron, and electron?
proton: +
neutron: neutral (no charge)
electron: -
Determines chemical nature of proteins
R-group
The plasma membrane is ______ meaning it only lets some particles into the cell.
Selectively permeable
responsible for sorting, tagging, packaging, and distribution of lipids and proteins
golgi apparatus
What is the flow of inductive reasoning and deductive reasoning?
Inductive: specific --> general
Deductive: general --> specific
What is valency?
Causes build up of plaque in arteries
LDL "bad" cholesterol/saturated fatty acids
The phospholipid membrane can be described as a _________ model
fluid mosaic
synthesizes phospholipids for cell membranes and modifies proteins synthesized by ribosomes
rough ER
What is the biological organization of living things?
atom > molecule > macromolecule > organelles > cells > tissue > organ > organ system > organism > population > community > ecosystem > biosphere
Define covalent bonds
valence electrons are shared
Polar: unequal sharing
Non-polar: shared equally
Unsaturated fatty acid with hydrogens on different sides of carbon chain
Trans configuration
Acts as a temperature buffer in animal cells
cholesterols
Small storage sacs that fuse with other membranes within a cell
vesicles
What are the shared properties that make something alive?
order, sensitivity to stimuli, reproduction, growth + development, regulation, homeostasis, energy processing, evolution
What types of charges are on atoms with ionic bonds?
Cation: positive charge, loss of e-
Anion: negative charge, gain of e-
The unfolding/loss of shape of a protein (affects function)
denaturation
Found on the exterior or interior surface of the plasma membrane
peripheral proteins
Carry out oxidation reactions to breakdown fatty acids and amino acids
peroxisomes
What are the taxonomic sublevels?
Domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species
(dear king philip came over for good soup)
Four most abundant elements in the human body
oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen
Name: nucleotide bases, their correct pairing, purine/pyrimidine
Adenine + Thymine/uracil
Guanine + Cytosine
AG: purines
TC: pyrimidines
Form specialized sites on the surface that allow cells to recognize eachother
glycoproteins and glycolipids
Large storage sacs that do not fuse with the membranes of other cellular components
vacuoles